8.1 Introduction8.2 Sustainability: Neoclassical and Ecological Approaches8.3 Future Benefits, Costs, and Discounting8.4 An Example of Discounting: Light Bulbs8.5 Savings, Investment, and Market Interest Rates8.6 The Social Discount Rate and Dynamic Efficiency8.7 Discounting Climate Change8.8 Ecological Economics, Strong Sustainability, and the Precautionary Principle8.9 Strong Sustainability in Practice: Endangered Species, EIS, and Reach8.10 SUMMARYREFERENCESNOTES