Book description
A broadly encompassing encyclopedia on the emerging topic of technology, innovation and management (TIM), this volume covers a wide array of topics. We note that TIM is an emerging field and one that is interdisciplinary, incorporating strategy and entrepreneurship, economics, marketing, organizational behavior, organization theory, physical and life sciences, and even law. We strive to ensure that all of these disciplines are represented in this volume, and that their intersections are made clear.
Entries are contributed by scholars from around the world who are leading experts in their respective topics. This volume is appropriate for scholars who are new to this particular field, as well as industry practitioners interested in understanding the state of knowledge in these specific areas. Entries may also serve as useful instructional materials, given their span of coverage as well as their currency.
ISBN 9781405160490
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Table of contents
- Copyright
- Board of Advisors
- Preface
- About the Editors
- List of Contributors
-
I. Technology-specific Concepts
- 1. Technology: Discourse and Possibility
- 2. Technology Evolution
- 3. Technology Transition
-
4. Technology Intelligence
- 4.1. Scope of technology intelligence1
- 4.2. Objectives of technology intelligence–gathering
- 4.3. Functions of TI
- 4.4. Sources for TI
- 4.5. Methods of TI
- 4.6. Tools of TI
- 4.7. Deliverables, techniques, and format
- 4.8. The players in the TI process
- 4.9. Conclusion and managerial implications
- 4.10. References
- 5. Technology Forecasting
- 6. Disruptive Technology
- 7. Intellectual Property
- 8. Options and the Analysis of Technology Projects
-
9. Technology and Innovation Management: Financing Technology
- 9.1. Introduction
- 9.2. Problems in financing innovation: adverse selection and moral hazard
- 9.3. The problem of project valuation
- 9.4. Financing options
- 9.5. Bootstrapping
- 9.6. Angel investors
- 9.7. Royalty financing
- 9.8. Private placement
- 9.9. Venture philanthropy
- 9.10. Research parks
- 9.11. Local/State/Federal programs
- 9.12. Asset-based lending
- 9.13. Venture capital
- 9.14. Mergers and acquisitions
- 9.15. SWORDs and spinouts
- 9.16. Outsourcing
- 9.17. Public markets
- 9.18. PIPEs (private investment in public entities)
- 9.19. Strategic alliances/partnerships
- 9.20. Conclusion
- 9.21. References
- II. Industry Level
-
III. Innovation
-
13. Types of Innovation
- 13.1. Product/Service versus process innovations
- 13.2. Radical versus incremental innovations
- 13.3. Technological versus administrative innovations
- 13.4. Disruptive versus sustaining innovations
- 13.5. Architectural versus modular innovations
- 13.6. Putting it all together: the product portfolio
- 13.7. References
- 14. Sources of Innovation
- 15. Innovation Models
- 16. Diffusion of Innovation
- 17. Consumer Adoption of Technological Innovations
-
13. Types of Innovation
-
IV. Firm Level
- 18. Open Innovation
- 19. Technology Strategy
- 20. Absorptive Capacity and Technological Innovation
- 21. The Generations of R&D and Innovation Management
- 22. Dual Career Ladders in Organizations
-
23. Human Resources in R&D
- 23.1. Human resources planning
- 23.2. Rewards
- 23.3. Appraising performance
- 23.4. Career management
- 23.5. Cross-functional teams and global virtual teams
- 23.6. Leading to networked scientists and engineers
- 23.7. Knowledge and creativity management
- 23.8. Demographic diversity
- 23.9. Electronic technology
- 23.10. Outsourcing
- 23.11. Where to go in the field of managing scientists and engineers
- 23.12. References
- 24. The Stage-Gate ® Product Innovation System: From Idea to Launch
- 25. Learning and Experience
-
26. New-product Development Innovation and Commercialization Processes
- 26.1. History of product development processes
- 26.2. The overall innovation process
- 26.3. The fuzzy front end of innovation: creating the concept
- 26.4. Gaining project acceptance: from concept to formal project
- 26.5. Project implementation: from project to product launch
- 26.6. The whole innovation process: more than the sum of the parts
- 26.7. References
- 27. Service Innovation
- 28. Process Innovation in Operations
- 29. Organizing for Innovation
- 30. The Concept of Corporate Entrepreneurship
- 31. Intellectual Property Strategy at the Firm Level
-
V. Project Level Concepts
- 32. Innovation Teams
- 33. Understanding Customer Needs
- 34. The Front End of Innovation in Large Established Firms
- 35. Project Management under High Uncertainty
-
36. Evaluating Innovation Projects
- 36.1. Adopting different evaluation approaches for different projects
- 36.2. Why is project evaluation important?
- 36.3. How should project evaluation be conducted?
- 36.4. When should project evaluation occur?
- 36.5. What criteria should be used for project evaluation?
- 36.6. Who should conduct project evaluation?
- 36.7. Project evaluation:an opportunity for creating competitive advantage
- 36.8. References
- 37. Managing Project–Organization Coupling in Breakthrough Innovation
- 38. Promotors and Champions of Innovation: Barriers to Innovation and Innovator Roles
-
VI. National Innovation Systems
-
39. Innovation at the National Level
- 39.1. National innovation systems
- 39.2. Evolution of NIS scholarship
- 39.3. Theoretical foundations of the NIS concept
- 39.4. Impact on policy making
- 39.5. A comparison of the featured case studies of nations
- 39.6. Government influences
- 39.7. Diversity of technologies
- 39.8. Socio-cultural factors
- 39.9. Conclusion
- 39.10. References
-
40. Australia's National Innovation System
- 40.1. Introduction and historical overview
- 40.2. Summary of output trends
- 40.3. Technology commercialization initiatives
- 40.4. National innovation policy
- 40.5. Relative strengths and weaknesses in technology
- 40.6. Funds flow for innovation
- 40.7. Cultural and political drivers influencing the NIS10
- 40.8. Conclusion
- 40.9. References
-
41. Evolution of China's National Innovation System and Its Challenges in Technological Development
- 41.1. Introduction
- 41.2. Evolution of China's innovation system
- 41.3. Technology commercialization and science–industry linkage
- 41.4. Challenges of technology development
- 41.5. Building the innovation infrastructure: policy-oriented
- 41.6. Skipping stage of industrial development
- 41.7. Concluding remarks
- 41.8. References
-
42. The National Innovation System in Taiwan
- 42.1. Introduction
- 42.2. The history of Taiwan's NIS development4
-
42.3. Taiwan's NIS infrastructure
-
42.3.1. Executive organizations
- 42.3.1.1. National Science Council of the Executive Yuan NSC)7
- 42.3.1.2. The Science and Technology Advisory Group of the Executive Yuan (STAG)8
- 42.3.1.3. The Executive Yuan Technology Strategic Review Board (SRB)
- 42.3.1.4. The Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA)9
- 42.3.1.5. Department of Industrial Technology (DoIT)10
- 42.3.1.6. The Small and Medium Enterprise Administration SMEA)13
- 42.3.1.7. The Council of Agriculture (COA)14
- 42.3.1.8. The Ministry of Education (MOE)15
- 42.3.2. Implementing organizations
- 42.3.3. Planning and assessment system
-
42.3.1. Executive organizations
- 42.4. The policy-forming process of Taiwan's NIS
- 42.5. The resources and outputs of Taiwan's NIS20
- 42.6. The challenges of Taiwan's NIS
- 42.7. Conclusion
- 42.8. References
-
43. The National Innovation System in Singapore
- 43.1. History of technological development in Singapore
- 43.2. National innovation policy and policy-making agencies
- 43.3. Elements of the National Innovation System
- 43.4. The critical role of education
- 43.5. National technology commercialization initiatives
- 43.6. Summary of innovation output trends
- 43.7. Conclusion
- 43.8. References
- 44. The Indian Innovation System
- 45. Japan's National Innovation System
- 46. The National Innovation System of the Russian Federation
-
47. The National Innovation System in Germany
-
47.1. Brief history and description of the National Innovation System in Germany
- 47.1.1. Current institutional structure and its evolution
- 47.1.2. The Science Council
- 47.1.3. The German Research Foundation
- 47.1.4. The Hermann von Helmholtz Association of Research Centers
- 47.1.5. The Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science
- 47.1.6. The Fraunhofer Society
- 47.1.7. The Leibniz Science Association
- 47.1.8. The Center for Advanced European Studies and Research (CAESAR) Foundation
- 47.2. Summary of output trends (R&D expenditure, patents, etc.)
- 47.3. Technology commercialization initiatives (national level)
- 47.4. National technology policy
- 47.5. Relative strengths and weaknesses in technology
- 47.6. Funds flow for innovation
- 47.7. Cultural and political drivers
- 47.8. Conclusion
- 47.9. References
-
47.1. Brief history and description of the National Innovation System in Germany
- 48. The National Innovation System of Finland
-
49. The Dutch Innovation System: Raising the Lowland?
- 49.1. A brief history of the Dutch NIS from a national point of view
- 49.2. Summary of output and trends (R&D expenditure, patents)
- 49.3. Technology policy and commercialization initiatives at the national level
- 49.4. Relative strengths and weaknesses in technology
- 49.5. Funds flow for innovation12
- 49.6. Cultural and political drivers influencing the NIS
- 49.7. Concluding remarks
- 49.8. References
-
50. The National Innovation System of Italy
- 50.1. Introduction
- 50.2. A brief history of the Italian NIS: the dual-economy dilemma
- 50.3. Summary of output trends
- 50.4. Technology commercialization initiatives
- 50.5. National technology policy, including current technology commercialization initiatives at the national level
- 50.6. Relative strengths and weaknesses in technology
- 50.7. Funds flow for innovation
- 50.8. Cultural and political drivers influencing the NIS
- 50.9. Conclusion
- 50.10. References
- 51. The National Innovation System of Ireland
-
52. The U.S. National Innovation System
- 52.1. Nature and development of the U.S. National Innovation System
- 52.2. Trends in R&D and R&D output
- 52.3. Technology commercialization in small businesses
- 52.4. National innovation policy
- 52.5. Technological strengths and weaknesses
- 52.6. Innovation
- 52.7. Culture and politics
- 52.8. Conclusion
- 52.9. References and further reading
- 53. Cooperative R&D Agreements (CRADAs)
- 54. University Licensing
-
39. Innovation at the National Level
-
VII. Emerging Technologies
- 55. What Are Emerging Technologies?
-
56. Biotechnology: The Technology of the 21st Century
- 56.1. Introduction
-
56.2. Applications for biotechnology—past, current, and future1
-
56.2.1. "Red biotech"—applications of biotechnology in human and animal health
- 56.2.1.1. Diagnostics
- 56.2.1.2. Improved speed and accuracy
- 56.2.1.3. Lower costs of diagnosis
- 56.2.1.4. Earlier diagnosis leading to better prognosis and prevention measures
- 56.2.1.5. Public health–related preventive measures are now possible
- 56.2.1.6. Therapeutics
- 56.2.1.7. Using natural products
- 56.2.1.8. Replacing missing proteins
- 56.2.1.9. Gene therapy
- 56.2.1.10. Cell transplants
- 56.2.1.11. Modulating the immune system
- 56.2.1.12. Personalized medicine
- 56.2.1.13. Regenerative medicine
- 56.2.1.14. Vaccines
- 56.2.1.15. Plant-made pharmaceuticals
- 56.2.2. "Green biotech"—agricultural production and processing, animal health applications
- 56.2.3. "White biotech"—industrial bioprocessing and environmental applications
-
56.2.1. "Red biotech"—applications of biotechnology in human and animal health
- 56.3. Technology trends in biotechnology—innovations, impact, and convergence
- 56.4. References and further reading
- 57. The Continuing Economic Potential of Nanotechnology
- 58. Emerging Web Technologies
- Glossary
Product information
- Title: Encyclopedia of Technology and Innovation Management
- Author(s):
- Release date: March 2010
- Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
- ISBN: 9781405160490
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