Chapter 1Climate and Climate Models
The global climate system consists of a large number of interacting parts. The material components and their sub-members include the following:
- 1. the atmosphere and its constituents such as free molecules and radicals of different chemical species, aerosol particles, and clouds;
- 2. the ocean waters and their members such as floating ice, dissolved species including electrolytes and gases as well as undissolved matter such as of biological origin and dust;
- 3. the land components with characteristics such as snow and ice cover, permafrost, moisture, topographical features and vegetation with all its ramifications.
The space–time configuration of abstract fields that are used to characterize properties of ...
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