3
Eco-systems
After reading this chapter, you will be conversant with:
- Concept of an eco-system
- Structure and function of an eco-system
- Producers, consumers and decomposers
- Energy flow in the eco-system
- Ecological succession
- Food chains and ecological pyramids
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following eco-system:
- Forest
- Grassland
- Desert
- Aquatic (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
ECOLOGY AND ECO-SYSTEM
Ecology
No life exists in a vacuum. Every living organism is surrounded by materials and forces which constitutes its environment and from which it must derive its needs. Thus, for its survival, a plant, an animal or a microbe cannot remain completely aloof in a shell. Instead, it requires ...
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