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Relational Algebra and Calculus
1. What are the similarities and differences between relational algebra and relational calculus?
Ans: Both relational algebra and relational calculus are formal languages associated with relational model that are used to specify the basic retrieval requests.
Relational algebra consists of a basic set of operations, which can be used for carrying out basic retrieval operations. Relational calculus, on the other hand, provides declarative notations based on mathematical logic for specifying relational queries. Relational algebra uses a procedural approach by providing a step-by-step procedure for carrying out a query, whereas relational calculus uses the non-procedural approach as it describes the information ...
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