Chapter 1. The Modern Web
The Web as I envisaged it, we have not seen it yet. The future is still so much bigger than the past.
Tim Berners-Lee
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Once upon a time, the web was small and simple. Developers had such fun throwing PHP, HTML, and MySQL calls into single files and proudly telling everyone to check out their website. But the web grew over time to zillions, nay, squillions of pages—and the early playground became a metaverse of theme parks.
In this chapter, I’ll point out some areas that have become ever more relevant to the modern web:
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Services and APIs
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Concurrency
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Layers
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Data
The next chapter will show what Python offers in these areas. After that, we’ll dive into the FastAPI web framework and see what it has to offer.
Services and APIs
The web is a great connecting fabric. Although much activity still occurs on the content side—HTML, JavaScript, images, and so on—there’s an increasing emphasis on the application programming interfaces (APIs) that connect things.
Commonly, a web service handles low-level database access and middle-level business logic (often lumped together as a backend), while JavaScript or mobile apps provide a rich top-level frontend (interactive user interface). These fore and aft worlds have become more complex and divergent, usually requiring developers to specialize in one or the other. It’s harder to be a full stack developer than it used to be.1
These two worlds talk to each other using APIs. In the modern web, API design ...
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