April 2015
Intermediate to advanced
482 pages
11h 42m
English
Content preview from Formal Languages and Automata Theory
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9
LR(k) and LL(1) Grammars
- The most widely used top-down parsers are constructed with LL(1) grammars. The most powerful bottom-up parsers are constructed with LR(k) grammars. The language defined by LR(k) grammars is DCFL.
In this chapter, we introduce a restricted type of CFG called LR(0) Grammar. We discuss the question what are LL(1), LR(0) and LR(1) grammars. Given a grammar, we discuss how to test whether it is LL(1) or LR(0) or LR(1).
9.1 LL(1) Grammar
A grammar that is suitable for LL(1) parser construction is called LL(1) grammar.
Given a grammar, to check whether it is LL(1) or not, we use two functions called First( ) and Follow( ).
Let us now understand the functions First( ) and Follow( ).
The function First (x) (where x is a ...
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