Appendix AMatrix Theory and Linear Algebra
The material in this appendix can be found in, for example, 125–127. Given a vector 
, the class of 
‐norms is defined as
In this book, we primarily use the 1‐ and 2‐norms:
If 
and 
are any two different 
‐norms, then there exist constants 
and 
such that
For example, it can be found that
For any matrix , the eigenvalues are the roots of the characteristic ...
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