Appendix AMatrix Theory and Linear Algebra
The material in this appendix can be found in, for example, 125–127. Given a vector , the class of
‐norms is defined as

In this book, we primarily use the 1‐ and 2‐norms:

If and
are any two different
‐norms, then there exist constants
and
such that

For example, it can be found that

For any matrix , the eigenvalues are the roots of the characteristic ...
Get Formation Control of Multi-Agent Systems now with the O’Reilly learning platform.
O’Reilly members experience live online training, plus books, videos, and digital content from nearly 200 publishers.