
Appendix E
Basic Logics to Deal wit h Uncertain
Statements
The aim of this section is to illustrate typical logics to deal with uncertainty,
i.e., we illustrate a typical formalization of uncertain statements via a prob-
abilistic and a possibilistic setting. Reasoning procedures are presented as
well.
E.1 Probabilistic Logic
Probabilistic logic has its origin in philosophy and logic. Its roots can
be traced back to Boole in 1854 [66]. There is a wide spectrum of formal
languages that have been explored in probabilistic logic, ranging from con-
straints for unconditional and conditional events to rich languages that spec-
ify linear inequalities over