Fundamental Data Compression

Appendix B

Matrices

An m × n matrix (or m by n matrix) is a rectangular array of data consisting of m rows and n columns and can be represented as follows:

The m × n is called the dimension or order of the matrix. Each datum a_ijin the matrix (a_ij)_{m × n} is called an entry of the matrix. Each entry has a row index i and column index j, together representing the position of the entry in the matrix.

Example B.1 A matrix of 4 × 3

B.1 Special matrices

1. Square matrix:

    A square matrix is a matrix of order m = n (short for n × n).

    Example ...