
Preface
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) since its inception in the late 1960s
have seen an increasing rate of theoretical, technological and organizational
development. Developments in each decade of the last 50 years highlight
particular innovations in this fi eld. The mid 1960s witnessed the initial
development of GIS in combining spatially referenced data, spatial data
models and data visualization. The early 1970s witnessed the ability of
computer mapping in automatic map drafting and using data format. In the
1980s, computer mapping capabilities have been merged with traditional
database management systems capabilities to generate ...