StructureSpecial Symbols; (semicolon){} (curly braces)CommentsConstantsVariablesbooleancharbyteintunsigned intlongunsigned longfloatdoublestringarrayControl Structuresif … elseforswitch casewhiledo … whilebreakcontinuereturnArithmetic and FormulasComparison OperatorsBoolean OperatorsCompound Operatorsincrement and decrement (–– and ++)+= , –=, *= and /=Input and Output FunctionspinMode(pin, mode)digitalWrite(pin, value)int digitalRead(pin)int analogRead(pin)analogWrite(pin, value)shiftOut(dataPin, clockPin, bitOrder, value)unsigned long pulseIn(pin, value)Time Functionsunsigned long millis()delay(ms)delayMicroseconds(us)Math Functionsmin(x, y)max(x, y)abs(x)constrain(x, a, b)map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh)double pow(base, exponent)double sqrt(x)double sin(rad)double cos(rad)double tan(rad)Random Number FunctionsrandomSeed(seed)long random(max) long random(min, max)Serial CommunicationSerial.begin(speed)Serial.print(data) Serial.print(data, encoding)Serial.println(data) Serial.println(data, encoding)int Serial.available()int Serial.read()Serial.flush()