Chapter 4

Political, Legal, and Economic Issues

Introduction

In Chapter 2, we saw how topography affects elements of culture and how, within these elements, civilizations emerge. Political ideologies, usually driven by the needs of the people, rulers, and people of influence, express ideas, theories, and societal aims. Political ideologies tend to be region- and period-specific, and characterize the essence of political systems. Irrespective of the good intentions of the initial ideologies, quite often political bureaucracies emerge to deal with specific structural problems and implementation realities. The backbone of a country’s political system is its legal system, which represents the collective wisdom of the nation and the acceptable operating ...

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