4.1 CUDA Programming Model4.1.1 What Is CUDA?4.1.2 CUDA Programming Model4.1.3 Heterogeneous Computing4.1.3.1 Host4.1.3.2 Device4.1.3.3 Interaction Between Host and Device4.1.4 CUDA Extensions to C/C++4.1.4.1 Function Launch and Kernel Execution4.1.4.2 Calling Functions on the GPU4.1.4.3 Memory Management4.1.4.4 Memory Declaration Qualifiers4.1.4.5 Special Instructions4.1.4.6 Thread and Block Identification Keywords4.1.4.7 Function Declarations in CUDA4.1.4.8 CUDA Function Qualifiers Overview4.1.4.9 Function Qualifier Descriptions4.1.4.10 Example: CUDA Function Declarations in Action4.2 Variable Type Qualifiers in CUDA4.2.1 SIMT Architecture4.2.1.1 Mapping Blocks and Threads4.2.1.2 Thread Life Cycle in a GPU4.2.2 Device Memory Management4.2.3 Memory Hierarchy4.2.4 GPU Memory Management4.2.4.1 Types of GPU Memory (Global, Shared, Constant, Texture)4.2.4.2 Memory Growth, Garbage Collection, and Layer-wise Memory Reuse4.2.4.3 Efficient Memory Access and Coalescing Strategies4.2.4.4 Memory Growth, Garbage Collection, and Layer-wise Memory Reuse4.3 Optimization Techniques on GPUs4.3.1 Memory Access Optimization4.3.1.1 Memory Coalescing4.3.2 Thread-Level Optimization4.3.2.1 Occupancy Optimization4.3.2.2 Avoiding Thread Divergence4.3.3 Instruction-Level Optimization4.3.4 Asynchronous Execution and Overlapping4.3.5 Profiling and Analysis Tools4.3.6 Essential GPU Optimization Guidelines4.4 GPU Optimization Techniques4.4.1 Tiled Matrix Multiplication and Parallel Algorithms4.4.2 Gradient Checkpointing and Recomputation4.4.3 Mixed-Precision Training and Tensor Core Usage4.4.4 Implementation of Matrix Multiplication Kernel4.5 Summary