Handbook of Water Harvesting and Conservation

10Information Technology in Water Harvesting

S. Sreenath Kashyap¹, M.V.V. Prasad Kantipudi², Saeid Eslamian³, Maryam Ghashghaie⁴, Nicolas R. Dalezios⁵, Ioannis Faraslis⁵, and Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari⁶

¹Department of ECE, Kommuri Pratap Reddy Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

²Department of ECE, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

³Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran

⁴Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

⁵Department of Civil Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece

⁶Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran

10.1 Introduction

Water is a precious natural resource that is colorless, tasteless, odorless. Water is one of the constituent substances of Earth's streams, a fluid in any living organism. It is very important for all forms of life. Nearly 70% of the Earth consists of water. A large percentage – 96.5% – is mainly found in seas and oceans, whereas a small portion – nearly 1.7% – is seen in the unique spaces like Antarctica and Greenland. Unfortunately, only 1.7% is available as ground water. In total, only 2.5% is freshwater content, and nearly 98% is ice.

Water also plays a major role in the world's economy. Safe drinking water is an essential component for the livelihood of human beings. Water is also useful for agricultural, ...