Hands-On Machine Learning with C++

IsoMap

The IsoMap algorithm is based on the manifold projection technique. In mathematics, the manifold is a topological space (which is, in general, a set of points with their neighbors) that locally resembles the Euclidian space near each point. For example, one-dimensional manifolds include lines and circles but not figures with self-intersections. Two-dimensional manifolds are called surfaces; for example, they can be a sphere, a plane, or a torus, but these surfaces can't have self-intersection. For example, a circle is a one-dimensional manifold embedded into a two-dimensional space. Here, each arc of the circle locally resembles a straight line segment. A 3D curve can also be a manifold if it can be divided into straight-line segments ...