Representing InformationBits, Bytes, Words, and BeyondProcessor Native Word SizesDecimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, and MoreNegative NumbersText StringsA Closer Look at MemoryA Simplified Hardware Memory ModelNative Word Size and Memory AlignmentLittle vs. Big Endian“Hello, World!” in ASMLabels and Assembler CommandsPointers“Hello, World!” in CUsing the GNU DebuggerDeclaring Pointers in CWriting Your First Shellcodex86_64ARM32A Short Digression on Addressing ModesAArch64MIPS32MIPS64RISC-VSummary