HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible, Fourth Edition

Appendix B. HTML Special Characters Quick Reference

IN THIS APPENDIX

• Essential entities

• En and Em entities

• Copyright, trademark, and registered entities

• Currency entities

• Quote mark and apostrophe entities

• Arrow entities

• Accented character entities

• Greek symbol entities

• Mathematical symbol entities

• Miscellaneous entities

This appendix lists the various entities — codes for inserting special characters in your documents — available in HTML. The listings are broken down by category of entity, and each table lists the character description, the decimal code, and the mnemonic code for each entity.

Note

More information on character encodings and special characters can be found in Chapter 14.

Table B-1 lists the most common entities.

Table B-1. Essential Entities

Decimal Entity	Mnemonic Entity	Character
"	"	Double quote mark
&	&	Ampersand
<	<	Less than symbol
>	>	Greater than symbol
 	 	Nonbreaking space

Table B-2 lists the entities for en and em elements.

Table B-2. En and Em Entities

Decimal Entity	Mnemonic Entity	Character
 	 	En space
 	 	Em space
–	–	En dash
—	—	Em dash

Table B-3 lists the entities pertinent to protection of intellectual property.

Table B-3. Copyright, Trademark, and Registered Entities

Decimal Entity	Mnemonic Entity	Character
©	©	Copyright symbol
®	®	Registered trademark symbol
™	™	Trademark symbol

Table B-4 lists many of the most common currency symbols.

Table B-4. Currency Entities

Decimal Entity	Mnemonic Entity ...