April 2013
Intermediate to advanced
176 pages
3h
Chinese
Content preview from HTML5與JAVASCRIPT WEB APPS開發實務
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用戶端結構
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3
在 HTML5 之前
在 HTML5 與行動設備問世之前，前端（或 UI）開發者並不關心隱藏在使用者介面之
後的結構，那是駭客與外掛程式的世界。多數的開發者都將注意力放在對瀏覽器的支
援，如 IE6、Firefox、Safari 等等。他們試著編寫簡潔的語義標記，並關心 XHTML 可
否產生預期的效果，偶爾也會匯入 JavaScript 程式庫來建構一些還不錯的特效，並使用
prototype.js
或 jQuery 當作程式的骨幹（沒有雙關語意）。
開發者處理瀏覽器 quirks 的方式幾乎與尋找程式 bug 一模一樣。進階的 web 應用程式
結構幾乎都由伺服器管理，應用程式非常依賴 HTTP 請求的處理速度，以及瀏覽器重新
呈現標記的速度。透過伺服器端樣板與元件框架，伺服器會解析樣板並將資料套上正規
的 XHTML 或 HTML 標記語言。對 Java 而言，或許你曾經用過 JSP、Velocity、Tiles、
GWT 或 JSF 來做同樣的工作；而在 Ruby 則是以 ERB、HAML 或 RedCloth 等等。每一
個伺服器端網路框架都隨附一個 UI 樣板引擎，這些引擎可以同時運作也可以在需要時
自由選用，這就是過去 10 年來 UI 開發者的工作方式，並且還會持續一段時間。但這不
是必然的選擇，現在是重新思考如何建構新世代 web 應用程式的時候了。
或許你會問“為什麼我們需要改變前端的生成方式？”或“為什麼我們要將程式碼移
到瀏覽器內運行，而不是在伺服器？”關於第一個問題 ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.