Industrial Communication Technology Handbook, 2nd Edition

21Clock Synchronization in Distributed Systems Using NTP and PTP

Reinhard Exel

Danube University Krems

Thilo Sauter

Danube University Krems

Paolo Ferrari

University of Brescia

Stefano Rinaldi

University of Brescia

1. 21.1 Introduction

2. 21.2 Clock Synchronization in a Nutshell

   1. Clocks

   2. Basic Synchronization Principle

   3. Taxonomy of Clock Synchronization Approaches

   4. Synchronization Approaches for Packet-Based Networks

3. 21.3 Network Time Protocol

   1. NTP Time Scale, Time Format, and Other Definitions

   2. NTP Implementation Model

   3. On-Wire Protocol

   4. Network Data Packet for NTP

   5. NTP Managing Process

   6. Simple Network Time Protocol

4. 21.4 IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol

   1. Master Election

   2. Synchronization in PTP

   3. Transparent Clocks

   4. Timestamp Generation

   5. Implementation and ...