4 Data Handling and Analytics
4.1 Introduction to Big Data
Before discussing the concept of Big Data, one must understand what the term data is. Data is a collection of numbers, characters, images, or other symbols that a computer uses to determine a specific action [1–3]. This data can be stored or transmitted via electrical signals. With the proliferation of sensor networks, cyber-physical systems, and the IoT in everyday life, there has been a significant increase in data collection. For instance, data is gathered every time a user logs in to an online platform, opens an app on their mobile phone, visits a website, or conducts a search on a search engine. For example, if we were to open our web browser and ...
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