In the ArcGIS API 4 for JavaScript, there are a handful of fundamental concepts that make up how the API is built. If you get familiar with these core concepts, it will greatly benefit you when working with the API.
Accessors
An important addition to the ArcGIS API for JavaScript is the Accessor1 module. It is located at esri/core/Accessor, which should tell you that it is a core part of the API. This is no mistake because most of the API is built on Accessors and their capabilities.
The Accessor module is loosely based on ES5 getters/setters2 via the Object.defineProperty ...