
SHAPE ORIENTATION DESCRIPTORS 585
17.3.3. Non-Geometric Spatial Moments
Teage (27) has introduced a family of orthogonal spatial moments based upon
orthogonal polynomials. The family includes Legendre, Zernike and pseudo
Zernike moments as defined in reference 28 in the continuous domain. Khotanzad
and Hong (29) and Lia and Pawlak (30) have investigated Zernike spatial
moments for spatial invariance. Teh and Chin (28) have analyzed these orthogo-
nal spatial moments along with rotational and complex spatial moments as candi-
dates for invariant moments. They concluded that the Zernike and pseudo Zernike
moments out performed the others in terms of noise ...