book

Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics

by Bill Ogden, Mike Ebbers, Wayne O'Brien, Rama Ayyar, Myriam Duhamel, Per Fremstad, Luis Martinez Fuentes, Miriam Gelinski, Michael Grossmann, Olegario Hernandez, Roberto Yuiti Hiratzuka, John Kettner, Georg Müller, Rod Neufeld, Paul Newton, Bill Seubert, Henrik Thorsen, Andy R. Wilkinson

July 2006

Beginner

706 pages

20h 45m

English

IBM Redbooks

Read now

Unlock full access

Trademarks
How this text is organizedHow each chapter is organizedThe team who wrote this bookAcknowledgementsNow you can become a published author, too!Comments welcomeStay connected to IBM Redbooks
March 2011, Third EditionAugust 2009, Second Edition
1.1 The new mainframe1.2 The System/360: A turning point in mainframe history1.3 An evolving architecture1.4 Mainframes in our midst1.5 What is a mainframe1.6 Who uses mainframe computers1.6.1 Two mainframe models1.7 Factors contributing to mainframe use1.7.1 Reliability, availability, and serviceability1.7.2 Security1.7.3 Scalability1.7.4 Continuing compatibility1.7.5 Evolving architecture1.7.6 Extensibility1.7.7 Total cost of ownership1.7.8 Environmentally friendly1.8 Typical mainframe workloads1.8.1 Batch processing1.8.2 Online transaction processing1.8.3 Speciality engines to characterize workload1.9 Roles in the mainframe world1.9.1 Who is the system programmer1.9.2 Who is the system administrator1.9.3 Who are the application designers and programmers1.9.4 Who is the system operator1.9.5 Who is the production control analyst1.9.6 What role do vendors play1.10 z/OS and other mainframe operating systems1.10.1 z/VM1.10.2 z/VSE1.10.3 Linux on IBM System z1.10.4 z/TPF1.11 Introducing the IBM zEnterprise System1.12 Summary1.13 Questions for review1.14 Topics for further discussion
2.1 Introduction to mainframe hardware systems2.2 Early system design2.3 Current design2.3.1 I/O connectivity2.3.2 System control and partitioning2.3.3 Characteristics of LPARs2.3.4 Consolidation of mainframes2.4 Processing units2.4.1 Subcapacity processors2.5 Multiprocessors2.6 Disk devices2.7 Clustering2.8 Basic shared DASD2.8.1 CTC rings2.9 What is a sysplex2.9.1 Parallel Sysplex2.9.2 What is a Coupling Facility2.9.3 Clustering technologies for the mainframe2.10 Intelligent Resource Director2.11 Platform Performance Management with zEnterprise2.12 Typical mainframe system growth2.13 Continuous availability of mainframes2.13.1 No single points of failure2.13.2 Capacity and scaling2.13.3 Dynamic workload balancing2.13.4 Systems management technologies2.13.5 Single system image2.13.6 Compatible change and nondisruptive growth2.13.7 Application compatibility2.13.8 Disaster recovery2.14 Summary2.15 Questions for review2.16 Topics for further discussion2.17 Exercises
3.1 What is an operating system3.2 What is z/OS3.2.1 Hardware resources used by z/OS3.2.2 Multiprogramming and multiprocessing3.2.3 Modules and macros3.2.4 Control blocks3.2.5 Physical storage used by z/OS3.3 Overview of z/OS facilities3.4 Virtual storage and other mainframe concepts3.4.1 What is virtual storage3.4.2 What is an address space3.4.3 What is dynamic address translation3.4.4 Virtual storage overview3.4.5 What is paging3.4.6 Swapping and the working set3.4.7 What is storage protection3.4.8 Role of storage managers3.4.9 A brief history of virtual storage and 64-bit addressability3.4.10 What is meant by below-the-line storage3.4.11 What is in an address space3.4.12 System address spaces and the master scheduler3.5 What is workload management3.5.1 What does WLM do3.5.2 How is WLM used3.6 I/O and data management3.6.1 Data management3.7 Supervising the execution of work in the system3.7.1 What is interrupt processing3.7.2 Creating dispatchable units of work3.7.3 Preemptable versus non-preemptable3.7.4 What does the dispatcher do3.7.5 Serializing the use of resources3.8 Cross-memory services3.9 Defining characteristics of z/OS3.10 Understanding system and product messages3.10.1 Unique three characters identification components3.10.2 System completion codes3.11 Predictive failure analysis3.12 z/OS and other mainframe operating systems3.12.1 z/VM3.13 A brief comparison of z/OS and UNIX3.14 Additional software products for z/OS3.15 Middleware for z/OS3.16 The new face of z/OS3.17 Summary3.18 Questions for review3.19 Topics for further discussion
4.1 How do we interact with z/OS4.2 Time Sharing Option/Extensions overview4.2.1 Data file terms4.2.2 Using TSO commands in native mode4.2.3 Using CLISTs and REXX under TSO4.3 ISPF overview4.3.1 Keyboard mapping used in this book4.3.2 Using PF1-HELP and the ISPF tutorial4.3.3 Using the PA1 key4.3.4 Navigating through ISPF menus4.3.5 Using the ISPF editor4.3.6 Using the online help4.3.7 Customizing your ISPF settings4.3.8 Adding a GUI to ISPF4.4 z/OS UNIX interactive interfaces4.4.1 ISHELL command (ISH)4.4.2 ISHELL: User files and directories4.4.3 OMVS command shell session4.4.4 Direct login to the shell4.5 Summary4.6 Questions for review4.7 Exercises4.7.1 Logging on to z/OS and entering TSO commands4.7.2 Navigating through the ISPF menu options4.7.3 Using the ISPF editor4.7.4 Using SDSF4.7.5 Opening the z/OS UNIX shell and entering commands4.7.6 Using the OEDIT and OBROWSE commands
5.1 What is a data set5.2 Where are data sets stored5.3 What are access methods5.4 How are DASD volumes used5.4.1 DASD terminology for UNIX and PC users5.4.2 What are DASD labels5.5 Allocating a data set5.6 How data sets are named5.7 Allocating space on DASD volumes through JCL5.7.1 Logical records and blocks5.7.2 Data set extents5.8 Data set record formats5.9 Types of data sets5.9.1 What is a sequential data set5.9.2 What is a partitioned data set5.9.3 What is a partitioned data set extended5.9.4 When a data set runs out of space5.10 What is Virtual Storage Access Method5.11 Catalogs and volume table of contents5.11.1 What is a volume table of contents5.11.2 What is a catalog5.11.3 What is a generation data group5.12 Role of DFSMS in managing space5.13 z/OS UNIX file systems5.13.1 z/OS data sets versus file system files5.14 Working with a zFS file system5.15 Summary5.16 Questions for review5.17 Exercises5.17.1 Exploring ISPF Option 3.45.17.2 Allocating a data set with ISPF 3.25.17.3 Copying a source library5.17.4 Working with data set members5.17.5 Listing a data set and other ISPF 3.4 options5.17.6 Performing a catalog search

6.1 What is Job Control Language6.2 JOB, EXEC, and DD parameters6.2.1 JOB parameters6.2.2 EXEC parameters6.2.3 DD parameters6.3 Data set disposition and the DISP parameter6.3.1 Creating new data sets6.4 Continuation and concatenation6.5 Why z/OS uses symbolic file names6.6 Reserved DDNAMES6.7 JCL procedures (PROCs)6.7.1 JCL PROC statement override6.7.2 How a job is submitted for batch processing6.8 Understanding SDSF6.9 Utilities6.10 System libraries6.11 Summary6.12 Questions for review6.13 Topics for further discussion6.14 Exercises6.14.1 Creating a simple job6.14.2 Using ISPF in split screen mode6.14.3 Manipulating text in ISPF6.14.4 Submitting a job and checking the results6.14.5 Creating a PDS member6.14.6 Copying a PDS member
7.1 What is batch processing7.2 What is a job entry subsystem7.3 What does an initiator do7.4 Job and output management with job entry subsystem and initiators7.4.1 Batch job scenario 17.4.2 Batch job scenario 27.5 Job flow through the system7.6 JES2 compared to JES37.7 Summary7.8 Questions for review7.9 Exercises7.9.1 Learning about system volumes7.9.2 Using a utility program in a job7.9.3 Examining the TSO logon JCL7.9.4 Exploring the master catalog7.9.5 Using SDSF7.9.6 Using TSO REXX and ISPF
8.1 Application designers and programmers8.2 Designing an application for z/OS8.2.1 Designing for z/OS: Batch or online8.2.2 Designing for z/OS: Data sources and access methods8.2.3 Designing for z/OS: Availability and workload requirements8.2.4 Designing for z/OS: Exception handling8.3 Application development life cycle: An overview8.3.1 Gathering requirements for the design8.4 Developing an application on the mainframe8.4.1 Using the EBCDIC character set8.4.2 Unicode on the mainframe8.4.3 Interfaces for z/OS application programmers8.4.4 Using application development tools8.4.5 Conducting a debugging session8.4.6 Performing a system test8.5 Going into production on the mainframe8.6 Summary8.7 Questions for review
9.1 Overview of programming languages9.2 Choosing a programming language for z/OS9.3 Using Assembler language on z/OS9.4 Using COBOL on z/OS9.4.1 COBOL program format9.4.2 COBOL relationship between JCL and program files9.4.3 Running COBOL programs under UNIX9.4.4 Communicating with Java methods9.4.5 Creating a DLL or a DLL application9.4.6 Structuring OO applications9.5 HLL relationship between JCL and program files9.6 Using PL/I on z/OS9.6.1 PL/I program structure9.6.2 Preprocessors9.6.3 Using the SAX parser9.7 Using C/C++ on z/OS9.8 Using Java on z/OS9.8.1 IBM SDK products for z/OS9.8.2 Using the Java Native Interface9.9 Using CLIST language on z/OS9.9.1 Types of CLISTs9.9.2 Executing CLISTs9.9.3 Other uses for the CLIST language9.10 Using REXX on z/OS9.10.1 Compiling and executing REXX command lists9.11 Compiled versus interpreted languages9.11.1 Advantages of compiled languages9.11.2 Advantages of interpreted languages9.12 What is z/OS Language Environment9.12.1 How Language Environment is used9.12.2 A closer look at Language Environment9.12.3 Running your program with Language Environment9.13 Summary9.14 Questions for review9.15 Topics for further discussion
10.1 Source, object, and load modules10.2 What are source libraries10.3 Compiling programs on z/OS10.3.1 What is a precompiler10.3.2 Compiling with cataloged procedures10.3.3 Compiling object-oriented (OO) applications10.3.4 What is an object deck10.3.5 What is an object library10.3.6 How program management works10.3.7 How a linkage editor is used10.3.8 How a load module is created10.4 Creating load modules for executable programs10.4.1 Batch loader10.4.2 Program management loader10.4.3 What is a load library10.5 Overview of compilation to execution10.6 Using procedures10.7 Summary10.8 Questions for review10.9 Exercises10.9.1 Exercise: Compiling and linking a program10.9.2 Exercise: Executing a program
11.1 Online processing on the mainframe11.2 Example of global online processing: The new big picture11.3 Transaction systems for the mainframe11.3.1 What are transaction programs11.3.2 What is a transaction system11.3.3 What are the typical requirements of a transaction system11.3.4 What is commit and roll back11.4 What is Customer Information Control System11.4.1 CICS in a z/OS system11.4.2 CICS programs, transactions, and tasks11.4.3 Using programming languages11.4.4 Conversational and pseudo-conversational programming11.4.5 CICS programming commands11.4.6 How a CICS transaction flows11.4.7 CICS services for application programs11.4.8 Program control11.4.9 Customer Information Control System programming roadmap11.4.10 Our online example11.5 What is Information Management System11.5.1 IMS in a z/OS system11.5.2 IMS Transaction Manager messages11.6 Summary11.7 Questions for review11.8 Exercise: Create a CICS program11.8.1 Analyze and update the class program
12.1 Database management systems for the mainframe12.2 What is a database12.3 Why use a database12.4 Who is the database administrator12.5 How is a database designed12.5.1 Entities12.5.2 Data attributes12.5.3 Entity relationships12.5.4 Application functions12.5.5 Access paths12.6 What is a database management system12.6.1 What structures exist in a relational database12.7 What is DB212.7.1 Data structures in DB212.7.2 Schema structures12.7.3 DB2 address spaces12.7.4 Using DB2 utilities12.7.5 Using DB2 commands12.8 What is SQL12.9 Application programming for DB212.9.1 DB2 program preparation: The flow12.10 Functions of the IMS Database Manager12.11 Structure of the IMS Database Manager subsystem12.11.1 The IMS hierarchical database model12.11.2 IMS use of z/OS services12.11.3 Evolution of IMS12.11.4 Our online example12.12 Summary12.13 Questions for review12.14 Exercise 1: Use SPUFI in a COBOL program12.14.1 Step 1: Creating files12.14.2 Step 2: DCLGEN12.14.3 Step 3: Testing your SQL12.14.4 Step 4: Creating the program12.14.5 Step 5: Completing the program12.14.6 Step 6: Running the program from TSO
13.1 Introduction to web-based workloads on z/OS13.2 What is z/OS HTTP Server13.2.1 Serving static web pages on z/OS13.2.2 Serving dynamic web pages on z/OS13.3 HTTP Server capabilities13.3.1 Basic functions13.3.2 Security functions13.3.3 File caching13.3.4 Plug-in code13.3.5 HTTP proxy servers13.4 Summary13.5 Questions for review13.6 Exercises
14.1 What is WebSphere Application Server for z/OS14.2 Servers14.3 Nodes (and node agents)14.4 Cells14.5 J2EE application model on z/OS14.6 Running WebSphere Application Server on z/OS14.6.1 Consolidation of workloads14.6.2 WebSphere for z/OS security14.6.3 Continuous availability14.6.4 Performance14.7 Application server configuration on z/OS14.7.1 Base server node14.7.2 Network Deployment Manager14.8 Connectors for Enterprise Information Systems14.8.1 z/OS connectors14.9 Summary14.10 Questions for review
15.1 What WebSphere MQ is15.2 Synchronous communication15.3 Asynchronous communication15.4 Message types15.5 Message queues and the queue manager15.5.1 Queue manager15.5.2 Types of message queues15.6 What is a channel15.7 How transactional integrity is ensured15.8 Example of messaging and queuing15.9 Interfacing with CICS, IMS, batch, or TSO/E15.9.1 Bridges15.10 Sysplex support15.11 Java Message Service15.12 Summary15.13 Questions for review
16.1 The role of the system programmer16.2 What is meant by separation of duties16.3 Customizing the system16.3.1 z/OS system libraries16.3.2 SYS1.PARMLIB16.3.3 Link pack area16.3.4 Pageable link pack area16.3.5 Fixed link pack area16.3.6 Modified link pack area16.3.7 SYS1.PROCLIB16.3.8 The master scheduler subsystem16.3.9 A job procedure library16.3.10 Search order for programs16.3.11 What system symbols are16.4 Managing system performance16.5 Configuring I/O devices16.6 Following a process of change control16.6.1 Risk assessment16.6.2 Change control record system16.6.3 Production control16.7 Configuring consoles16.8 Initializing the system16.8.1 Initialization process16.8.2 IPL types16.8.3 Shutting down the system16.9 Summary16.10 Questions for review16.11 Topics for further discussion16.12 Exercises
17.1 What is SMP/E17.2 The SMP/E view of the system17.3 Changing the elements of the system17.3.1 What is a SYSMOD17.3.2 Types of SYSMODS17.4 Introducing an element into the system17.5 Preventing or fixing problems with an element17.6 Fixing problems with an element17.7 Customizing an element: USERMOD SYSMOD17.7.1 SYSMOD prerequisites and corequisites17.8 Keeping track of the elements of the system17.9 Tracking and controlling requisites17.10 How does SMP/E work17.10.1 The distribution and target libraries17.10.2 The consolidated software inventory17.11 Working with SMP/E17.11.1 Using the RECEIVE command17.11.2 Using the APPLY command17.11.3 Using the ACCEPT command17.11.4 Other SMP/E facilities17.12 Data sets used by SMP/E17.13 Summary17.14 Questions for review17.15 Topics for further discussion
18.1 Why security is important18.2 Security facilities of z/OS18.3 Security roles18.4 The IBM Security Server18.4.1 Resource Access Control Facility18.4.2 System authorization facility18.5 Security administration18.5.1 RACF Remote Sharing Facility18.5.2 RACF with middleware18.6 Operator console security18.7 Integrity18.7.1 Authorized programs18.7.2 Storage protection18.7.3 Cross-memory communication18.7.4 z/OS firewall technologies18.8 Summary18.9 Questions for review18.10 Topics for further discussion18.11 Exercises
19.1 Communications in z/OS19.2 Brief history of data networks19.2.1 SNA and TCP/IP on z/OS19.2.2 Layered network models19.2.3 Network reliability and availability19.2.4 Factors contributing to the continued use of SNA19.3 z/OS Communications Server19.4 TCP/IP overview19.4.1 Using commands to monitor TCP/IP19.4.2 Using console commands to manage TCP/IP19.4.3 Using virtual Internet protocol addresses for availability and load balancing19.4.4 TN3270: The gateway to z/OS19.5 VTAM overview19.5.1 Network topologies supported by VTAM19.5.2 What is a subarea network topology19.5.3 Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking network topology19.5.4 Summary of VTAM topologies19.5.5 Using commands to monitor VTAM19.5.6 Background: 3270 data stream19.6 Summary19.7 Questions for review19.8 Demonstrations and exercises
Department tableEmployee table
Basic utilitiesSystem-oriented utilitiesApplication-level utilities
COBOL-CICS-DB2 programCOBOL-Batch-VSAM programDSNTEP2 utilityQMF batch executionBatch C program to access DB2Java servlet access to DB2C program to access MQJava program to access MQ
Operator commands
IBM RedbooksOther publicationsOnline resourcesHelp from IBM

Content preview from Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics

Security on z/OS

Objective: In working with z/OS, you need to understand the importance of security and the facilities used by z/OS to implement it. An installation’s data and application programs are among its most valuable resources. They must ...

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.

Start your free trial

Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics

John Kettner, Mike Ebbers, Wayne O'Brien, Bill Ogden

Mainframe Basics for Security Professionals: Getting Started with RACF

Ori Pomerantz, Barbara Vander Weele, Mark Nelson, Tim Hahn

Introduction to the New Mainframe: Large-Scale Commercial Computing

Mike Ebbers, Pilar Gonzalez Adrados, Frank Byrne, Rodney Martin, Jon Veilleux

Introduction to the New Mainframe: IBM z/VSE Basics

Mike Ebbers, Wolfgang Bosch, Hans Joachim Ebert, Helmut Hellner, Jerry Johnston, Marco Kroll, Wilhelm Mild, Wayne O'Brien, Bill Ogden, Ingolf Salm, Joerg Schmidbauer, Martin Walbruehl

Publisher Resources

ISBN: 073849660XPurchase book

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,and much more.

You might also like

Introduction to the New Mainframe: z/OS Basics

Mainframe Basics for Security Professionals: Getting Started with RACF

Introduction to the New Mainframe: Large-Scale Commercial Computing

Introduction to the New Mainframe: IBM z/VSE Basics

Publisher Resources

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.