book

JavaScript® Bible, Sixth Edition

Name: JavaScript® Bible, Sixth Edition
ISBN: 9780470069165

by Michael Morrison, Brendan Eich, Danny Goodman

April 2007

Intermediate to advanced

1728 pages

47h 51m

English

Wiley

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Copyright
About the Authors
Credits
Acknowledgments
Foreword
Preface
Organization and Features of This EditionPart IPart IIPart IIIPart IVPart VCD-ROMPrerequisites to Learning JavaScriptIf you've never programmed beforeIf you've done a little programming beforeIf you've programmed in C beforeIf you've programmed in Java beforeIf you've written scripts (or macros) beforeFormatting and Naming Conventions
I. Getting Started with JavaScript
1. JavaScript's Role in the World Wide Web and Beyond
1.1. Competing for Web Traffic1.2. Other Web Technologies1.2.1. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML and XHTML)1.2.2. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)1.2.3. Server programming1.2.4. Of helpers and plug-ins1.3. JavaScript: A Language for All1.3.1. LiveScript becomes JavaScript1.3.2. Enter Microsoft and others1.4. JavaScript: The Right Tool for the Right Job
2. Authoring Challenges Amid the Browser Wars
2.1. Leapfrog2.2. Duck and Cover2.3. Compatibility Issues Today2.3.1. Separating language from objects2.3.2. Core language standard2.3.3. Document object model2.3.4. Cascading Style Sheets2.3.5. Dynamic HTML and positioning2.4. Developing a Scripting Strategy
3. Your First JavaScript Script
3.1. The Software Tools3.1.1. Choosing a text editor3.1.2. Choosing a browser3.2. Setting Up Your Authoring Environment3.2.1. Windows3.2.2. Mac OS X3.2.3. Reloading issues3.3. What Your First Script Will Do3.4. Entering Your First Script3.5. Examining the Script3.5.1. The HTML document3.5.2. The <script> tag3.5.3. The trigger that runs the script3.5.4. Inserting some text3.5.5. Getting browser information3.6. Have Some Fun

II. JavaScript Tutorial
4. Browser and Document Objects
4.1. Scripts Run the Show4.2. When to Use JavaScript4.3. The Document Object Model4.3.1. HTML structure and the DOM4.3.2. The DOM in a browser window4.4. When a Document Loads4.4.1. A simple document4.4.2. Add a paragraph element4.4.3. Add paragraph text4.4.4. Make a new element4.5. Object References4.5.1. Object naming4.5.2. Referencing a particular object4.6. Node Terminology4.6.1. About nodes4.6.2. Parents and children4.7. What Defines an Object?4.7.1. Properties4.7.2. Methods4.7.3. Events4.8. Exercises
5. Scripts and HTML Documents
5.1. Where Scripts Go in Documents5.1.1. The <script> tag5.1.2. Tag positions5.1.3. Handling non-JavaScript browsers5.2. JavaScript Statements5.3. When Script Statements Execute5.3.1. While a document loads: immediate execution5.3.2. Deferred scripts5.3.2.1. Run after loading5.3.2.2. Run by user5.3.2.3. Called by another function5.4. Viewing Script Errors5.5. Scripting versus Programming5.6. Exercises
6. Programming Fundamentals, Part I
6.1. What Language Is This?6.2. Working with Information6.3. Variables6.3.1. Creating a variable6.3.2. Variable names6.4. Expressions and Evaluation6.4.1. Expressions in scripts6.4.2. Expressions and variables6.5. Data Type Conversions6.5.1. Converting strings to numbers6.5.2. Converting numbers to strings6.6. Operators6.6.1. Arithmetic operators6.6.2. Comparison operators6.7. Exercises
7. Programming Fundamentals, Part II
7.1. Decisions and Loops7.2. Control Structures7.2.1. if constructions7.2.2. if . . . else constructions7.3. About Repeat Loops7.4. Functions7.4.1. Function parameters7.4.2. Variable scope7.5. About Curly Braces7.6. Arrays7.6.1. Creating an array7.6.2. Accessing array data7.6.3. Parallel arrays7.6.4. Document objects in arrays7.7. Exercises
8. Window and Document Objects
8.1. Top-Level Objects8.2. The window Object8.2.1. Accessing window properties and methods8.2.2. Creating a window8.3. Window Properties and Methods8.3.1. window.alert() method8.3.2. window.confirm() method8.3.3. window.prompt() method8.3.4. load event8.4. The location Object8.5. The navigator Object8.6. The document Object8.6.1. document.forms[] property8.6.2. document.images[] property8.6.3. document.write() method8.6.4. document.createElement() and document.createTextNode() methods8.6.5. document.getElementById() method8.7. Exercises
9. Forms and Form Elements
9.1. The form Object9.1.1. Form as object and container9.1.2. Accessing form properties9.1.3. form.elements[] property9.2. Form Controls as Objects9.2.1. Text-related input objects9.2.2. The button input object9.2.3. The checkbox input object9.2.4. The radio input object9.2.5. The select object9.3. Passing Form Data and Elements to Functions9.4. Submitting and Prevalidating Forms9.5. Exercises
10. Strings, Math, and Dates
10.1. Core Language Objects10.2. String Objects10.2.1. Joining strings10.2.2. String methods10.2.2.1. Changing string case10.2.2.2. String searches10.2.2.3. Extracting copies of characters and substrings10.3. The Math Object10.4. The Date Object10.5. Date Calculations10.6. Exercises
11. Scripting Frames and Multiple Windows
11.1. Frames: Parents and Children11.2. References Among Family Members11.2.1. Parent-to-child references11.2.2. Child-to-parent references11.2.3. Child-to-child references11.3. Frame-Scripting Tips11.4. About iframe Elements11.5. Controlling Multiple Frames: Navigation Bars11.6. References for Multiple Windows11.7. Exercises
12. Images and Dynamic HTML
12.1. The Image Object12.1.1. Interchangeable images12.1.2. Precaching images12.1.3. Creating image rollovers12.2. Rollovers Without Scripts12.3. The javascript: Pseudo-URL12.4. Popular Dynamic HTML Techniques12.4.1. Changing stylesheet settings12.4.2. Dynamic content via W3C DOM nodes12.4.3. Dynamic content through the innerHTML property12.5. Exercises
III. Document Objects Reference
13. JavaScript Essentials
13.1. JavaScript Versions13.2. Core Language Standard: ECMAScript13.3. Embedding Scripts in HTML Documents13.3.1. <script> tags13.3.1.1. Specifying the language version13.3.1.2. <script for> tags13.3.2. Hiding script statements from older browsers13.3.3. Hiding scripts entirely?13.3.4. Hiding scripts from XHTML validators13.3.5. Script libraries (.js files)13.4. Browser Version Detection13.4.1. Coding for nonscriptable browsers13.4.2. Scripting for different browsers13.4.2.1. Establishing goals13.4.2.2. Object detection13.4.2.3. Modifying content for scriptable browsers13.5. Designing for Compatibility13.5.1. Dealing with beta browsers13.5.2. The Evaluator Sr.13.5.3. Compatibility ratings in reference chapters13.6. Language Essentials for Experienced Programmers13.7. Onward to Object Models
14. Document Object Model Essentials
14.1. The Object Model Hierarchy14.1.1. Hierarchy as road map14.1.2. The first browser document object road map14.2. How Document Objects Are Born14.3. Object Properties14.4. Object Methods14.5. Object Event Handlers14.6. Object Model Smorgasbord14.7. Basic Object Model14.8. Basic Object Model Plus Images14.9. Navigator 4–Only Extensions14.9.1. Event capture model14.9.2. Layers14.10. Internet Explorer 4+ Extensions14.10.1. HTML element objects14.10.2. Element containment hierarchy14.10.3. Cascading Style Sheets14.10.4. Event bubbling14.11. Internet Explorer 5+ Extensions14.12. The W3C DOM14.12.1. DOM levels14.12.2. What stays the same14.12.3. What isn't available14.12.4. New HTML practices14.12.5. New DOM concepts14.12.5.1. Element referencing14.12.5.2. A hierarchy of nodes14.12.5.3. Node properties14.12.5.4. Node methods14.12.5.5. Generating new node content14.12.5.6. Replacing node content14.12.5.7. A de facto standard: innerHTML14.12.6. Static W3C DOM HTML objects14.12.7. Bidirectional event model14.13. Scripting Trends14.13.1. Separating content from scripting14.13.2. Using the W3C DOM where possible14.13.3. Handling events14.14. Standards Compatibility Modes (DOCTYPE Switching)14.15. Where to Go from Here
15. Generic HTML Element Objects
15.1. Generic Objects15.1.1. Syntax15.1.2. About these objects15.1.3. Properties15.1.3.1. Example15.1.3.2. Example15.1.3.3. Example15.1.3.4. Example15.1.3.5. Example15.1.3.6. Example15.1.3.7. Example15.1.3.8. Example15.1.3.9. Example15.1.3.10. Example15.1.3.11. Example15.1.3.12. Example15.1.3.13. Example15.1.3.14. Example15.1.3.15. Example15.1.3.16. Example15.1.3.17. Example15.1.3.18. Example15.1.3.19. Example15.1.3.20. Example15.1.3.21. Example15.1.3.22. Example15.1.3.23. Example15.1.3.24. Example15.1.3.25. Example15.1.3.26. Example15.1.3.27. Example15.1.3.28. Example15.1.3.29. Example15.1.3.30. Example15.1.3.31. Example15.1.3.32. Example15.1.3.33. Example15.1.3.34. Example15.1.3.35. Example15.1.3.36. Example15.1.3.37. Example15.1.3.38. Example15.1.3.39. Example15.1.3.40. Example15.1.3.41. Example15.1.3.42. Example15.1.3.43. Example15.1.3.44. Example15.1.3.45. Example15.1.3.46. Example15.1.3.47. Example15.1.3.48. Example15.1.3.49. Example15.1.3.50. Example15.1.4. Methods15.1.4.1. Example15.1.4.2. Example15.1.4.3. Example15.1.4.4. Example15.1.4.5. Example15.1.4.6. Windows15.1.4.7. Form control elements15.1.4.8. Other elements15.1.4.9. Example15.1.4.10. Example15.1.4.11. Example15.1.4.12. Example15.1.4.13. Example15.1.4.14. Example15.1.4.15. Example15.1.4.16. Example15.1.4.17. Example15.1.4.18. Example15.1.4.19. Example15.1.4.20. Example15.1.4.21. Example15.1.4.22. Example15.1.4.23. Example15.1.4.24. Example15.1.4.25. Example15.1.4.26. Example15.1.4.27. Example15.1.4.28. Example15.1.4.29. Example15.1.4.30. Example15.1.4.31. Example15.1.4.32. Example15.1.4.33. Example15.1.4.34. Example15.1.4.35. Example15.1.4.36. Example15.1.4.37. Example15.1.4.38. Example15.1.4.39. Example15.1.4.40. Example15.1.4.41. Example15.1.4.42. Example15.1.4.43. Example15.1.4.44. Example15.1.4.45. Example15.1.4.46. Example15.1.4.47. Example15.1.4.48. Example15.1.5. Event handlers15.1.5.1. Example15.1.5.2. Example15.1.5.3. Example15.1.5.4. Example15.1.5.5. Example15.1.5.6. Example15.1.5.7. Example15.1.5.8. Example15.1.5.9. Example15.1.5.10. Example15.1.5.11. Example15.1.5.12. Example15.1.5.13. Example15.1.5.14. Example15.1.5.15. Example15.1.5.16. Example15.1.6. Common keyboard event tasks15.1.6.1. Example15.1.6.2. Example15.1.6.3. Example15.1.6.4. Example15.1.6.5. Example15.1.6.6. Example15.1.6.7. Example15.1.6.8. Example15.1.6.9. Example15.1.6.10. Example
16. Window and Frame Objects
16.1. Window Terminology16.2. Frames16.2.1. Creating frames16.2.2. The frame object model16.2.3. Referencing frames16.2.4. Top versus parent16.2.5. Preventing framing16.2.6. Ensuring framing16.2.7. Switching from frames to frameless16.2.8. Inheritance versus containment16.2.9. Frame synchronization16.2.10. Blank frames16.2.11. Viewing frame source code16.2.12. Frames versus frame element objects16.3. window Object16.3.1. Syntax16.3.2. About this object16.3.3. Properties16.3.3.1. Example16.3.3.2. Example16.3.3.3. Example16.3.3.4. Example16.3.3.5. Example16.3.3.6. Example16.3.3.7. Example16.3.3.8. Example16.3.3.9. Example16.3.3.10. Example16.3.3.11. Example16.3.3.12. Example16.3.3.13. Example16.3.3.14. Example16.3.3.15. Example16.3.3.16. Example16.3.3.17. Example16.3.3.18. Example16.3.3.19. Example16.3.3.20. Example16.3.3.21. Example16.3.3.22. Example16.3.3.23. Example16.3.4. Methods16.3.4.1. Example16.3.4.2. Example16.3.4.3. Example16.3.4.4. Example16.3.4.5. Example16.3.4.6. Example16.3.4.7. Example16.3.4.8. Example16.3.4.9. Example16.3.4.10. Example16.3.4.11. Setting new window features16.3.4.12. Netscape/Mozilla-only signed scripts16.3.4.13. Specifying a window name16.3.4.14. Loading content into a new window16.3.4.15. Internet Explorer idiosyncrasies16.3.4.16. Example16.3.4.17. Example16.3.4.18. Example16.3.4.19. Example16.3.4.20. Example16.3.4.21. Passing function parameters16.3.4.22. Example16.3.4.23. Example16.3.4.24. Retrieving dialog-box data16.3.4.25. Dialog-box window features16.3.4.26. Dialog-box cautions16.3.4.27. Example16.3.4.28. Example16.3.5. Event handlers16.3.5.1. Example16.3.5.2. Example16.3.5.3. Example16.3.5.4. Example16.4. frame Element Object16.4.1. Syntax16.4.2. About this object16.4.3. Properties16.4.3.1. Example16.4.3.2. Example16.4.3.3. Example16.4.3.4. Example16.4.3.5. Example16.4.3.6. Example16.4.3.7. Example16.4.3.8. Example16.5. frameset Element Object16.5.1. Syntax16.5.2. About this object16.5.3. Properties16.5.3.1. Example16.5.3.2. Example16.5.3.3. Example16.5.3.4. Example16.5.3.5. Example16.6. iframe Element Object16.6.1. Syntax16.6.2. About this object16.6.3. Properties16.6.3.1. Example16.6.3.2. Example16.6.3.3. Example16.6.3.4. Example16.7. popup Object16.7.1. Syntax16.7.2. About this object16.7.3. Properties16.7.3.1. Example16.7.3.2. Example16.7.4. Methods16.7.4.1. Example
17. Location and History Objects
17.1. location Object17.1.1. Syntax17.1.2. About this object17.1.3. Properties17.1.3.1. Passing data among pages via URLs17.1.4. Methods17.2. history Object17.2.1. Syntax17.2.2. About this object17.2.3. Properties17.2.4. Methods
18. The Document and Body Objects
18.1. document Object18.1.1. Syntax18.1.2. About this object18.1.3. Properties18.1.3.1. Example18.1.3.2. Example18.1.3.3. Example18.1.3.4. Example18.1.3.5. Example18.1.3.6. Example18.1.3.7. Example18.1.3.8. Example18.1.3.9. The cookie file18.1.3.10. A cookie record18.1.3.11. JavaScript access18.1.3.12. Saving cookies18.1.3.13. Name/Data18.1.3.14. Expires18.1.3.15. Path18.1.3.16. Domain18.1.3.17. SECURE18.1.3.18. Retrieving cookie data18.1.3.19. Extra batches18.1.3.20. Example18.1.3.21. Example18.1.3.22. Example18.1.3.23. Example18.1.3.24. Example18.1.3.25. Example18.1.3.26. Example18.1.3.27. Example18.1.3.28. Example18.1.3.29. Example18.1.3.30. Example18.1.3.31. Example18.1.3.32. Example18.1.3.33. Example18.1.3.34. Example18.1.3.35. Example18.1.3.36. Example18.1.3.37. Example18.1.3.38. Example18.1.4. Methods18.1.4.1. Example18.1.4.2. Example18.1.4.3. Example18.1.4.4. Example18.1.4.5. Example18.1.4.6. Example18.1.4.7. Example18.1.4.8. Example18.1.4.9. Example18.1.4.10. Example18.1.4.11. Example18.1.4.12. Example18.1.4.13. Example18.1.4.14. Example18.1.4.15. Example18.1.5. Event handlers18.1.5.1. Example18.2. body Element Object18.2.1. Syntax18.2.2. About this object18.2.3. Properties18.2.3.1. Example18.2.3.2. Example18.2.3.3. Example18.2.3.4. Example18.2.3.5. Example18.2.4. Methods18.2.4.1. Example18.2.4.2. Example18.2.5. Event handlers18.3. TreeWalker Object18.3.1. Syntax18.3.2. About this object18.3.3. Properties18.3.3.1. Example18.3.4. Methods18.3.4.1. Example18.3.4.2. Example
19. Link and Anchor Objects
19.1. Anchor, Link, and a Element Objects19.1.1. Syntax19.1.2. About this object19.1.3. Properties
20. Image, Area, Map, and Canvas Objects
20.1. Image and img Element Objects20.1.1. Syntax20.1.2. About this object20.1.3. Properties20.1.3.1. Example20.1.3.2. Example20.1.3.3. Example20.1.3.4. Example20.1.3.5. Example20.1.3.6. Example20.1.3.7. Example20.1.3.8. Example20.1.3.9. Example20.1.3.10. Example20.1.3.11. Example20.1.3.12. Example20.1.3.13. Example20.1.4. Event handlers20.1.4.1. Example20.2. area Element Object20.2.1. Syntax20.2.2. About this object20.2.3. Properties20.3. map Element Object20.3.1. Syntax20.3.2. About this object20.3.3. Properties20.4. canvas Element Object20.4.1. Syntax20.4.2. About this object20.4.3. Properties20.4.3.1. Example20.4.3.2. Example20.4.3.3. Example20.4.3.4. Example20.4.3.5. Example20.4.3.6. Example20.4.4. Methods
21. The Form and Related Objects
21.1. The Form in the Object Hierarchy21.2. form Object21.2.1. Syntax21.2.2. About this object21.2.3. References to form control elements21.2.4. Passing forms and elements to functions21.2.5. E-mailing forms21.2.6. Changing form attributes21.2.7. Buttons in forms21.2.8. Redirection after submission21.2.9. Form element arrays21.2.10. About <input> element objects21.2.11. Properties21.2.12. Methods21.2.13. Event handlers21.3. fieldset and legend Element Objects21.3.1. Syntax21.3.2. About these objects21.4. label Element Object21.4.1. Syntax21.4.2. About this object21.4.3. Properties21.5. Scripting and Web Forms 2.021.5.1. What is Web Forms 2.0?21.5.2. Web Forms 2.0 and JavaScript
22. Button Objects
22.1. The button Element Object, and the Button, Submit, and Reset Input Objects22.1.1. Syntax22.1.2. About these objects22.1.3. Properties22.1.4. Methods22.1.5. Event handlers22.2. checkbox Input Object22.2.1. Syntax22.2.2. About this object22.2.3. Properties22.2.4. Methods22.2.5. Event handlers22.3. radio Input Object22.3.1. Syntax22.3.2. About this object22.3.3. Properties22.3.4. Methods22.3.5. Event handlers22.4. image Input Object22.4.1. Syntax22.4.2. About this object22.4.3. Properties
23. Text-Related Form Objects
23.1. Text Input Object23.1.1. Syntax23.1.2. About this object23.1.3. Text fields and events23.1.4. Properties23.1.5. Methods23.1.6. Event handlers23.2. password Input Object23.2.1. Syntax23.2.2. About this object23.3. hidden Input Object23.3.1. Syntax23.3.2. About this object23.4. textarea Element Object23.4.1. Syntax23.4.2. About this object23.4.3. Carriage returns inside textareas23.4.4. Properties23.4.5. Methods
24. Select, Option, and FileUpload Objects
24.1. select Element Object24.1.1. Syntax24.1.2. About this object24.1.3. Modifying select options (NN3+, IE4+)24.1.4. Modifying select options (IE4+)24.1.5. Modifying select options (W3C DOM)24.1.6. Properties24.1.7. Methods24.1.8. Event handlers24.2. option Element Object24.2.1. Syntax24.2.2. About this object24.2.3. Properties24.3. optgroup Element Object24.3.1. Syntax24.3.2. About this object24.3.3. Properties24.4. file Input Element Object24.4.1. Syntax24.4.2. About this object
25. Event Objects
25.1. Why "Events"?25.1.1. What an event knows (and when it knows it)25.1.2. The static Event object25.2. Event Propagation25.2.1. NN4-only event propagation25.2.1.1. Enabling NN4 event capture25.2.1.2. Turning off event capture25.2.1.3. Passing events toward their targets25.2.1.4. Event traffic cop25.2.2. IE4+ event propagation25.2.2.1. Preventing IE event bubbling25.2.2.2. Preventing IE event default action25.2.2.3. Redirecting events25.2.2.4. Applying event capture25.2.3. W3C event propagation25.2.3.1. Preventing W3C event bubbling or capture25.2.3.2. Preventing W3C event default action25.2.3.3. Redirecting W3C DOM events25.3. Referencing the event object25.4. Binding Events25.4.1. Binding events through tag attributes25.4.2. Binding events through object properties25.4.3. Binding events through IE attachments25.4.4. Binding events through W3C listeners25.4.5. A cross-browser event binding solution25.5. event Object Compatibility25.6. Dueling Event Models25.6.1. Cross-platform modifier key check25.6.2. Cross-platform key capture25.7. Event Types25.7.1. Event types in IE4+ and NN6+/W3C25.8. IE4+ event Object25.8.1. Syntax25.8.2. About this object25.8.3. Properties25.8.3.1. Example25.8.3.2. Example25.8.3.3. Example25.8.3.4. Example25.8.3.5. Example25.8.3.6. Example25.8.3.7. Example25.8.3.8. Example25.8.3.9. Example25.8.3.10. Example25.8.3.11. Example25.9. NN6+/Moz/Safari event Object25.9.1. Syntax25.9.2. About this object25.9.3. Properties25.9.3.1. Example25.9.3.2. Example25.9.3.3. Example25.9.3.4. Example25.9.3.5. Example25.9.3.6. Example25.9.3.7. Example25.9.3.8. Example25.9.3.9. Example25.9.3.10. Example25.9.4. Methods
26. Style Sheet and Style Objects
26.1. Making Sense of the Object Names26.2. Imported Stylesheets26.3. Reading Style Properties26.4. style Element Object26.4.1. Syntax26.4.2. About this object26.4.3. Properties26.5. styleSheet Object26.5.1. Syntax26.5.2. About this object26.5.3. Properties26.5.3.1. Example26.5.3.2. Example26.5.3.3. Example26.5.3.4. Example26.5.3.5. Example26.5.3.6. Example26.5.4. Methods26.5.4.1. Example26.5.4.2. Example26.6. cssRule and rule Objects26.6.1. Syntax26.6.2. About these objects26.6.3. Properties26.6.3.1. Example26.6.3.2. Example26.7. currentStyle, runtimeStyle, and style Objects26.7.1. Syntax26.7.2. About these objects26.7.3. Style properties26.7.4. Property values26.7.4.1. Length26.7.4.2. Color26.7.4.3. Rectangle sides26.7.4.4. Combination values26.7.4.5. URLs26.7.5. Text and font properties26.7.6. Inline display and layout properties26.7.7. Positioning properties26.7.8. Background properties26.7.9. Border and edge properties26.7.10. List properties26.7.11. Scroll bar properties26.7.12. Table properties26.7.13. Page and printing properties26.7.14. Miscellaneous properties26.7.15. Aural properties26.8. filter Object26.8.1. Syntax26.8.2. About this object26.8.2.1. Reading and writing subproperties26.8.3. WinIE5.5+ filter syntax changes
27. Ajax and XML
27.1. Elements and Nodes27.2. xml Element Object27.2.1. Syntax27.2.2. About this object27.2.3. Properties27.3. XMLHttpRequest Object27.3.1. Syntax27.3.2. About this object27.3.3. Properties27.3.4. Methods
IV. JavaScript Core Language Reference
28. The String Object
28.1. String and Number Data Types28.1.1. Simple strings28.1.2. Building long string variables28.1.3. Joining string literals and variables28.1.4. Special inline characters28.2. String Object28.2.1. Syntax28.2.2. About this object28.2.3. Properties28.2.3.1. Example28.2.4. Parsing methods28.2.4.1. Example28.2.4.2. Example28.2.4.3. Example28.2.4.4. Example28.2.4.5. Example28.2.4.6. Example28.2.4.7. Example28.2.4.8. Example28.2.4.9. Example28.2.4.10. Example28.2.4.11. Example28.2.4.12. Example28.2.4.13. Example28.3. String Utility Functions28.3.1. Formatting methods28.4. URL String Encoding and Decoding
29. The Math, Number, and Boolean Objects
29.1. Numbers in JavaScript29.1.1. Integers and floating-point numbers29.1.2. Hexadecimal and octal integers29.1.3. Converting strings to numbers29.1.4. Converting numbers to strings29.1.5. When a number isn't a number29.2. Math Object29.2.1. Syntax29.2.2. About this object29.2.3. Properties29.2.4. Methods29.2.5. Creating random numbers29.2.6. Math object shortcut29.3. Number Object29.3.1. Syntax29.3.2. About this object29.3.3. Properties29.3.3.1. Example29.3.3.2. Example29.3.4. Methods29.3.4.1. Example29.3.4.2. Example29.4. Boolean Object29.4.1. Syntax29.4.2. About this object
30. The Date Object
30.1. Time Zones and GMT30.2. The Date Object30.2.1. Creating a date object30.2.2. Native object properties and methods30.2.3. Date methods30.2.4. Accommodating time zones30.2.5. Dates as strings30.2.6. Friendly date formats for older browsers30.2.7. More conversions30.2.8. Date and time arithmetic30.2.9. Counting the days . . .30.2.10. Early browser date bugs and gremlins30.3. Validating Date Entries in Forms
31. The Array Object
31.1. Structured Data31.2. Creating an Empty Array31.3. Populating an Array31.4. JavaScript Array Creation Enhancements31.5. Deleting Array Entries31.6. Parallel Arrays31.7. Multidimensional Arrays31.8. Simulating a Hash Table31.9. Array Object Properties31.9.1.31.9.1.1. Example31.10. Array Object Methods31.10.1.31.10.1.1. Example31.10.1.2. Example31.10.1.3. Example31.10.1.4. Example31.10.1.5. Example
32. Control Structures and Exception Handling
32.1. If and If. . .Else Decisions32.1.1. Simple decisions32.1.2. About (condition) expressions32.1.3. Complex decisions32.1.4. Nesting if. . .else statements32.2. Conditional Expressions32.3. Repeat (for) Loops32.3.1. Putting the loop counter to work32.3.2. Breaking out of a loop32.3.3. Directing loop traffic with continue32.4. The while Loop32.5. The do-while Loop32.6. Looping through Properties (for-in)32.7. The with Statement32.8. Labeled Statements32.9. The switch Statement32.10. Exception Handling32.10.1. Exceptions and errors32.10.2. The exception mechanism32.11. Using try-catch-finally Constructions32.11.1. Real-life exceptions32.12. Throwing Exceptions32.13. Error Object32.13.1. Syntax32.13.2. About this object32.13.3. Properties32.13.4. Methods
33. JavaScript Operators
33.1. Operator Categories33.2. Comparison Operators33.3. Equality of Disparate Data Types33.4. Connubial Operators33.5. Assignment Operators33.6. Boolean Operators33.6.1. Boolean math33.6.2. Boolean operators at work33.7. Bitwise Operators33.7.1.33.7.1.1. Example33.8. Object Operators33.8.1.33.8.1.1. Example33.8.1.2. Example33.8.1.3. Example33.8.1.4. new33.8.1.5. this33.8.1.6. Example33.9. Miscellaneous Operators33.9.1.33.9.1.1. Example33.9.1.2. Example33.10. Operator Precedence
34. Functions and Custom Objects
34.1. Function Object34.1.1. Syntax34.1.2. About this object34.1.3. Creating functions34.1.4. Nesting functions34.1.5. Function parameters34.1.6. Properties34.1.6.1. Example34.1.6.2. Example34.1.7. Methods34.1.7.1. Example34.2. Function Application Notes34.2.1. Invoking functions34.2.2. Variable scope: Globals and locals34.2.3. Parameter variables34.2.4. Recursion in functions34.2.5. Turning functions into libraries34.2.6. Making sense of closures34.3. Creating Your Own Objects with Object-Oriented JavaScript34.3.1. The nuts and bolts of objects34.3.1.1. Creating properties for custom objects34.3.1.2. Creating methods for custom objects34.3.2. An OOP example—planetary objects34.3.3. Further encapsulation34.3.4. Creating an array of objects34.3.5. Taking advantage of embedded objects34.3.6. The modern way to create objects34.3.7. Defining object property getters and setters34.4. Object-Oriented Concepts34.4.1. Adding a prototype34.4.2. Prototype inheritance34.4.3. Nested objects and prototype inheritance34.5. Object Object34.5.1. Syntax34.5.2. About this object34.5.3. Methods
35. Global Functions and Statements
35.1. Functions35.1.1.35.1.1.1. Example35.1.1.2. Example35.1.1.3. Example35.1.1.4. Example35.1.1.5. Example35.2. Statements35.2.1.35.2.1.1. Example
V. Appendixes
A. JavaScript and Browser Objects Quick Reference
B. JavaScript Reserved Words
C. Answers to Tutorial Exercises
C.1. Chapter 4 AnswersC.2. Chapter 5 AnswersC.3. Chapter 6 AnswersC.4. Chapter 7 AnswersC.5. Chapter 8 AnswersC.6. Chapter 9 AnswersC.7. Chapter 10 AnswersC.8. Chapter 11 AnswersC.9. Chapter 12 Answers
D. JavaScript and DOM Internet Resources
D.1. Support and Updates for This BookD.2. NewsgroupsD.3. FAQsD.4. Online DocumentationD.5. World Wide Web
E. What's on the CD-ROM
E.1. System RequirementsE.2. Disc ContentsE.2.1. JavaScript listings for text editorsE.2.2. Printable version of the JavaScript and Browser Object Quick Reference from Appendix AE.2.3. Adobe ReaderE.2.3.1. For WindowsE.2.3.2. For MacintoshE.2.4. PDF version of book with topical referencesE.3. TroubleshootingE.4. Customer Care
VI. Bonus Chapters
36. Body Text Objects
36.1. blockquote and q Element Objects36.1.1. Syntax36.1.2. About these objects36.1.3. Property36.2. br Element Object36.2.1. Syntax36.2.2. About this object36.2.3. Property36.3. font Element Object36.3.1. Syntax36.3.2. About this object36.3.3. Properties36.3.3.1. Example36.3.3.2. Example36.3.3.3. Example36.4. h1...h6 Element Objects36.4.1. Syntax36.4.2. About these objects36.4.3. Property36.5. hr Element Object36.5.1. Syntax36.5.2. About this object36.5.3. Properties36.5.3.1. Example36.5.3.2. Example36.5.3.3. Example36.5.3.4. Example36.5.3.5. Example36.6. label Element Object36.6.1. Syntax36.6.2. About this object36.6.3. Properties36.6.3.1. Example36.7. marquee Element Object36.7.1. Syntax36.7.2. About this object36.7.3. Properties36.7.3.1. Example36.7.3.2. Example36.7.3.3. Example36.7.3.4. Example36.7.4. Methods36.7.4.1. Example36.8. Event Handlers36.9. Range Object36.9.1. Syntax36.9.2. About this object36.9.3. Working with ranges36.9.4. Properties36.9.4.1. Example36.9.4.2. Example36.9.4.3. Example36.9.4.4. Example36.9.5. Methods36.9.5.1. Example36.9.5.2. Example36.9.5.3. Example36.9.5.4. Example36.9.5.5. Example36.9.5.6. Example36.9.5.7. Example36.9.5.8. Example36.9.5.9. Example36.9.5.10. Example36.9.5.11. Example36.10. selection Object36.10.1. Syntax36.10.2. About this object36.10.3. Properties36.10.3.1. Example36.10.4. Methods36.10.4.1. Example36.10.4.2. Example36.10.4.3. Example36.11. Text and TextNode Objects36.11.1. Syntax36.11.2. About this object36.11.3. Properties36.11.3.1. Example36.11.4. Methods36.11.4.1. Example36.11.4.2. Example36.12. TextRange Object36.12.1. Syntax36.12.2. About this object36.12.3. Working with text ranges36.12.4. About browser compatibility36.12.5. Properties36.12.5.1. Example36.12.5.2. Example36.12.5.3. Example36.12.6. Methods36.12.6.1. Example36.12.6.2. Example36.12.6.3. Example36.12.6.4. Example36.12.6.5. Example36.12.6.6. Example36.12.6.7. Example36.12.6.8. Example36.12.6.9. Example36.12.6.10. Example36.12.6.11. Example36.12.6.12. Example36.12.6.13. Example36.12.6.14. Example36.12.6.15. Example36.12.6.16. Example36.12.6.17. Example36.12.6.18. Example36.13. TextRectangle Object36.13.1. Syntax36.13.2. About this object36.13.3. Properties36.13.4.36.13.4.1. Example
37. HTML Directive Objects
37-1. HTML Element Object37-1.1. Syntax37-1.2. About this object37-1.3. Property37-2. head Element Object37-2.1. Syntax37-2.2. About this object37-2.3. Property37-3. base Element Object37-3.1. Syntax37-3.2. About this object37-3.3. Properties37-4. link Element Object37-4.1. Syntax37-4.2. About this object37-4.3. Properties37-4.4. Event handlers37-5. meta Element Object37-5.1. Syntax37-5.2. About this object37-5.3. Properties37-6. script Element Object37-6.1. Syntax37-6.2. About this object37-6.3. Properties37-7. title Element Object37-7.1. Syntax37-7.2. About this object37-7.3. Property
38. Table and List Objects
38-1. The Table Object Family Hierarchy38-1.1. Populating table cells38-1.2. Modifying table cell content38-1.3. Modifying table rows38-1.4. Modifying table columns38-1.5. W3C DOM table object classes38-2. table Element Object38-2.1. Syntax38-2.2. About this object38-2.3. Properties38-2.3.1. Example38-2.3.2. Example38-2.3.3. Example38-2.3.4. Example38-2.3.5. Example38-2.3.6. Example38-2.3.7. Example38-2.3.8. Example38-2.3.9. Example38-2.3.10. Example38-2.3.11. Example38-2.3.12. Example38-2.3.13. Example38-2.3.14. Example38-2.4. Methods38-2.4.1. Example38-2.4.2. Example38-2.4.3. Example38-2.4.4. Example38-3. tbody, tfoot, and thead Element Objects38-3.1. Syntax38-3.2. About these objects38-3.3. Properties38-3.3.1. Example38-4. caption Element Object38-4.1. Syntax38-4.2. About this object38-5. col and colgroup Element Objects38-5.1. Syntax38-5.2. About these objects38-5.3. Properties38-5.3.1. Example38-6. tr Element Object38-6.1. Syntax38-6.2. About this object38-6.3. Properties38-6.3.1. Example38-6.3.2. Example38-6.3.3. Example38-6.4. Methods38-6.4.1. Example38-7. td and th Element Objects38-7.1. Syntax38-7.2. About these objects38-7.3. Properties38-7.3.1. Example38-7.3.2. Example38-7.3.3. Example38-7.3.4. Example38-8. ol Element Object38-8.1. Syntax38-8.2. About this object38-8.3. Properties38-8.3.1. Example38-8.3.2. Example38-9. ul Element Object38-9.1. Syntax38-9.2. About this object38-9.3. Properties38-9.3.1. Example38-10. li Element Object38-10.1. Syntax38-10.2. About this object38-10.3. Properties38-10.3.1. Example38-10.3.2. Example38-11. dl, dt, and dd Element Objects38-11.1. Syntax38-11.2. About these objects38-11.3. Properties38-12. dir and menu Element Objects38-12.1. Syntax38-12.2. About these objects
39. The Navigator and Other Environment Objects
39-1. clientInformation Object (IE4+) and navigator Object (All)39-1.1. Syntax39-1.2. About this object39-1.3. Properties39-1.4. Using the appVersion property39-1.5. userAgent property details39-1.5.1. Example39-1.5.2. Example39-1.5.3. Example39-1.5.4. Example39-1.5.5. Example39-1.5.6. Example39-1.5.7. Example39-1.5.8. Example39-1.5.9. Example39-1.5.10. Example39-1.5.11. Example39-1.6. Methods39-1.6.1. Example39-2. mimeType Object39-2.1. Syntax39-2.2. About this object39-2.3. Properties39-2.3.1. Example39-2.3.2. Example39-2.3.3. Example39-3. plugin Object39-3.1. Syntax39-3.2. About this object39-3.3. Properties39-3.3.1. Example39-3.4. Methods39-4. Looking for mime Types and Plug-ins39-4.1. Overview: Using mimeType and plugin objects39-4.2. Verifying a mime type39-4.3. Verifying a plug-in39-4.4. Verifying both plug-in and mime type39-4.5. Managing manual plug-in installation39-4.6. "Plug-in" detection in WinIE39-4.6.1. Tracking down plug-in details39-4.6.2. Setting a minimum version number39-4.6.3. When an object requires VBScript39-5. screen Object39-5.1. Syntax39-5.2. About this object39-5.3. Properties39-5.3.1. Example39-6. userProfile Object39-6.1. Syntax39-6.2. About this object39-6.3. Methods39-6.3.1. Example39-6.3.2. Example39-6.3.3. Example
40. Positioned Objects
40-1. What Is a Layer?40-2. Positioned Elements in the Modern DOM40-2.1. Changing element backgrounds40-2.2. Layer clipping40-2.3. Scripting nested layers40-2.4. Loading external HTML into a layer40-2.5. Positioned element visibility behavior40-2.6. Scripting layer stacking order40-2.7. Dragging and resizing a layer
41. Embedded Objects
41-1. applet Element Object41-1.1. Syntax41-1.2. About this object41-1.3. Properties41-2. object Element Object41-2.1. Syntax41-2.2. About this object41-2.3. Properties41-3. embed Element Object41-3.1. Syntax41-3.2. About this object41-3.3. Properties41-4. The Odd Case of the param Element
42. The Regular Expression and RegExp Objects
42-1. Regular Expressions and Patterns42-2. Language Basics42-2.1. Simple patterns42-2.2. Special characters42-2.3. Grouping and backreferencing42-3. Object Relationships42-4. Using Regular Expressions42-4.1. Is there a match?42-4.2. Getting information about a match42-4.3. String replacement42-5. Regular Expression Object42-5.1. Syntax42-5.2. About this object42-5.3. Properties42-5.4. Methods42-6. RegExp Object42-6.1. Syntax42-6.2. About this object42-6.3. Properties
43. Data-Entry Validation
43-1. Real-Time versus Batch Validation43-1.1. Real-time validation triggers43-1.2. Batch mode validation43-2. Designing Filters43-3. Building a Library of Filter Functions43-3.1. isEmpty()43-3.2. isPosInteger()43-3.3. isInteger()43-3.4. isNumber()43-3.5. Custom validation functions43-4. Combining Validation Functions43-5. Date and Time Validation43-6. An Industrial-Strength Validation Solution43-6.1. Structure43-6.2. Dispatch mechanism43-6.3. Sample validations43-6.3.1. U.S. state name43-6.3.2. Date validation43-6.3.3. Cross-confirmation fields43-6.4. Last-minute check43-6.5. Try it out43-7. Plan for Data Validation
44. Scripting Java Applets and Plug-Ins
44-1. NPAPI Overview44-2. Why Control Java Applets?44-3. A Little Java44-3.1. Java building blocks classes44-3.2. Java methods44-3.3. Java applet "properties"44-3.4. Accessing Java fields44-4. Scripting Applets in Real Life44-4.1. Getting to scriptable methods44-4.2. Applet limitations44-4.3. Faceless applets44-4.4. Data type conversions44-5. Applet-to-Script Communication44-5.1. What your applet needs44-5.2. What your HTML needs44-5.3. About JSObject class44-5.4. Data type conversions44-5.5. Example applet-to-script application44-6. Scripting Plug-ins44-6.1. The HTML side44-6.2. The API approach44-6.2.1. Loading the library44-6.2.2. Initializing the library44-6.2.3. Sound player API objects44-6.2.4. Invoking methods44-6.3. Building a jukebox44-6.4. Embedding multiple sounds44-7. Scripting Java Classes Directly
45. Debugging Scripts
45-1. Syntax versus Runtime Errors45-2. Error Message Notification45-2.1. Mozilla console windows45-2.2. Safari errors45-2.3. Multiple error messages45-3. Error Message Details45-3.1. Error filename45-3.2. Error location45-3.3. Error message text45-3.3.1. "Object expected"45-3.3.2. "Expected <something>"45-3.3.3. "<Something> is undefined"45-3.3.4. "<Something> is not a function"45-3.3.5. "Object doesn't support this property or method"45-3.3.6. "Unterminated string literal": "Unterminated string constant"45-3.3.7. "Missing } after function body": "Expected }"45-3.3.8. "<Something> is not a number"45-3.3.9. "<Something> has no property named . . .": "<Something> has no properties"45-3.3.10. "<Something> is null or not an object"45-3.3.11. "<Something> has no property indexed by [i]"45-3.3.12. "<Something> can't be set by assignment"45-3.3.13. "Test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)? Assuming equality test."45-3.3.14. "Function does not always return a value"45-3.3.15. "Access disallowed from scripts at <URL> to documents at <URL>": "Access is denied"45-3.3.16. "Unspecified error"45-3.3.17. "Uncaught exception"45-3.3.18. "Too many JavaScript errors"45-4. Warnings in Mozilla's Console45-5. Sniffing Out Problems45-5.1. Check the HTML tags45-5.2. View the source45-5.3. Timing problems45-5.4. Reopen the file45-5.5. Find out what works45-5.6. Comment out statements45-5.7. Check runtime expression evaluation45-6. Debugging Tools45-6.1. WinIE Script Debugger45-6.2. Mozilla's Venkman Debugger45-6.3. Firefox's FireBug Debugger45-6.4. Safari's Drosera Debugger45-6.5. Using the embeddable Evaluator45-6.6. Emergency evaluation45-7. A Simple Trace Utility45-7.1. The trace() function45-7.2. Preparing documents for trace.js45-7.3. Invoking trace()45-8. Browser Crashes45-9. Preventing Problems45-9.1. Getting structure right45-9.2. Build incrementally45-9.3. Test expression evaluation45-9.4. Build function workbenches45-10. Testing Your Masterpiece
46. Security and Netscape Signed Scripts
46-1. Battening Down the Hatches46-2. When Worlds Collide46-3. The Java Sandbox46-4. Security Policies46-5. The Same Origin Policy46-5.1. Setting the document.domain46-5.2. Origin checks46-5.2.1. Window object checks46-5.2.2. Location object checks46-5.2.3. Document object checks46-5.2.4. Form object checks46-5.2.5. Applet object checks46-5.2.6. Image object checks46-5.2.7. Linked script library checks46-6. The Netscape Signed Script Policy46-6.1. Signed objects and scripts46-6.2. What you get with signed scripts46-7. The Digital Certificate46-7.1. How to get a certificate46-7.2. Activating the codebase principal46-8. Signing Scripts46-8.1. Signing tool46-8.2. Preparing scripts for signing46-8.3. Accessing signed scripts46-8.4. Editing and moving signed scripts46-9. Accessing Protected Properties and Methods46-9.1. Gaining privileges46-9.2. Specifying a target46-10. Blending Privileges into Scripts46-10.1. Keep the window small46-10.2. Think of the users46-11. Examples46-11.1. Accessing private browser information46-11.2. Accessing a protected window property46-12. Handling Privilege Manager Errors46-13. Signed Script Miscellany46-13.1. Exporting and importing signed scripts46-13.2. Locking down your signed pages46-13.3. International characters
47. Cross-Browser Dynamic HTML Issues
47-1. What Is DHTML?47-2. Striving for Compatibility47-3. Working Around Incompatibilities47-3.1. Old-fashioned compatibility tricks47-3.1.1. Inline branching47-3.1.2. Platform equivalency47-3.2. Modern approaches to compatibility47-3.2.1. Object detection47-3.2.2. Custom APIs47-3.3. Handling non-DHTML browsers47-4. A DHTML API Example
48. Internet Explorer Behaviors
48-1. Stylesheets for Scripts48-2. Embedding Behavior Components48-2.1. Linking in a behavior component48-2.2. Enabling and disabling behaviors48-3. Component Structure48-3.1. Script statements48-3.2. Variable scope48-3.3. Assigning event handlers48-3.4. Exposing properties and methods48-4. Behavior Examples48-4.1. Example 1: Element dragging behavior48-4.2. Example 2: Text rollover behavior48-5. For More Information
49. Application: Tables and Calendars
49-1. About the Calendars49-2. Static Tables49-3. Dynamic Tables49-4. Hybrids49-5. Dynamic HTML Tables49-6. Further Thoughts
50. Application: A Lookup Table
50-1. A Serverless Database50-2. The Database50-3. The Implementation Plan50-4. The Code50-5. Further Thoughts
51. Application: A Poor Man's Order Form
51-1. Defining the Task51-2. The Form Design51-3. Form HTML and Scripting51-3.1. Global adjustments51-3.2. Do the math51-3.3. Cooking up some HTML51-3.4. Tedium lost51-3.5. Tedium regained51-4. Further Thoughts
52. Application: Outline-Style Table of Contents
52-1. The Implementation Plan52-2. The Code52-2.1. Setting the frames52-2.2. Outline code52-2.3. Assembling outline content52-3. An Ajax (XML) Outline52-3.1. Birth of an XML specification52-3.2. OPML outliner prep52-3.3. The XML and HTML code52-3.4. Setting the scripted stage52-3.5. Accumulating the HTML52-3.6. Toggling node expansion52-3.7. Wrap up52-4. Further Thoughts
53. Application: Calculations and Graphics
53-1. The Calculation53-2. User Interface Ideas53-3. The Code53-3.1. Basic arrays53-3.2. Calculations and formatting53-3.3. Preloading images53-3.4. Changing images on the fly53-3.5. Creating the select objects53-3.6. Drawing the initial images53-4. Further Thoughts
54. Application: Intelligent "Updated" Flags
54-1. The Cookie Conundrum54-2. Time's Not on Your Side54-3. The Application54-4. The Code54-4.1. Setting the stage54-4.2. The date comparison54-4.3. A live <body>54-5. Further Thoughts
55. Application: Decision Helper
55-1. The Application55-2. The Design55-3. The Files55-4. The Code55-4.1. index.htm55-4.2. dhNav.htm55-4.3. dh1.htm55-4.4. dh2.htm55-4.5. dh3.htm55-4.6. dh4.htm55-4.7. dh5.htm55-4.8. dhHelp.htm55-5. Further Thoughts
56. Application: Cross-Browser DHTML Map Puzzle
56-1. The Puzzle Design56-2. Implementation Details56-2.1. The custom API56-2.2. The main program56-3. Lessons Learned
57. Application: Transforming XML Data
57-1. Application Overview57-2. Implementation Plan57-3. The Code57-3.1. Style sheets57-3.2. Initialization sequence57-3.3. Converting the data57-3.4. Sorting the JavaScript database57-3.5. Constructing the table57-3.6. select controls57-4. Dreams of Other Views
58. Application: Creating Custom Google Maps
58-1. A Google Maps Primer58-2. Google Maps Customization Basics58-2.1. Getting your own API key58-2.2. Inside the Google Maps API58-2.3. Obtaining the geocoordinates of a location58-3. Designing a Google Maps Mashup58-4. Developing a Custom Map Document58-5. Hacking Together a Custom Google Map58-5.1. Displaying the custom map58-5.2. Styling a custom information window58-5.3. Testing the finished map58-6. Further Thoughts

Content preview from JavaScript® Bible, Sixth Edition

Chapter 6. Programming Fundamentals, Part I

IN THIS CHAPTER

What variables are and how to use them
Why you must learn how to evaluate expressions
How to convert data from one type to another
How to use basic operators

The tutorial breaks away from HTML and documents for a while as you begin to learn programming fundamentals that apply to practically every scripting and programming language you will encounter. Here, you start learning about variables, expressions, data types, and operators—things that might sound scary if you haven't programmed before. Don't worry. With a little practice, you will become quite comfortable with these terms and concepts.

What Language Is This?

The language you're studying is called JavaScript. But the language has some other names that you may have heard. JScript is Microsoft's name for the language. By leaving out the ava, the company doesn't have to license the Java name from its trademark owner: Sun Microsystems.

A standards body called ECMA (pronounced "ECK-ma") now governs the specifications for the language (no matter what you call it). The document that provides all of the details about the language is known as ECMA-262 (it's the 262nd standard published by ECMA). Both JavaScript and JScript are ECMA-262 compatible. Some earlier browser versions exhibit very slight deviations from ECMA-262 (which came later than the earliest browsers). The most serious discrepancies are noted in the core language reference in Part IV of this book.

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