Continuous ResponsesFitting Principle for Continuous ResponseBase ModelNominal ResponsesFitting Principle For Nominal ResponseBase ModelOrdinal ResponsesFitting Principle For Ordinal ResponseBase ModelThe Factor ModelsContinuous FactorsNominal FactorsInterpretation of ParametersInteractions and Crossed EffectsNested EffectsLeast Squares Means across Nominal FactorsEffective Hypothesis TestsSingularities and Missing Cells in Nominal EffectsOrdinal FactorsOrdinal InteractionsHypothesis Tests for Ordinal Crossed ModelsOrdinal Least Squares MeansSingularities and Missing Cells in Ordinal EffectsExample with Missing CellThe Usual AssumptionsAssumed ModelRelative SignificanceMultiple InferencesValidity AssessmentAlternative MethodsKey Statistical ConceptsUncertainty, a Unifying ConceptThe Two Basic Fitting MachinesSpringsPressure CylindersMultivariate DetailsMultivariate TestsApproximate F-TestCanonical DetailsDiscriminant AnalysisPower CalculationsComputations for the LSNComputations for the LSVComputations for the PowerComputations for the Adjusted PowerInverse Prediction with Confidence Limits