
CSE and Its Applications 187
electromagnetic radiation – which in turn requires the assumption that these
modalities are meaningful in themselves. We must make assumptions about
the ability to distinguish figure and ground (in any modality), to recognise
and understand signs and symbols, to remember configurations and patterns,
etc.
End users
Designer(s)
Artefact
Designer’s
notions of
users’ needs
Designer’s own
ideas about the
artefact
End users’ various
ideas about the artefact
System’s built-in
assumptions about
user(s)
SYSTEM’S
IMAGE
USER’S
MODEL
USER
MODEL
Figure 9.4: Varieties of models.
Many of these assumptions are also made