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蓝牙低功耗入门指南
book

蓝牙低功耗入门指南

by Kevin Townsend, Carles Cufí, Akiba, Robert Davidson
July 2025
Beginner
180 pages
2h 9m
Chinese
O'Reilly Media, Inc.
Content preview from 蓝牙低功耗入门指南

第 5 章 硬件平台 硬件平台

本作品已使用人工智能进行翻译。欢迎您提供反馈和意见:translation-feedback@oreilly.com

支持 BLE 的产品的大多数商业用例都涉及外围设备,而不是您设计产品时要与之交互的中央设备(手机、平板电脑或个人电脑)。因此,本章将介绍一些用于设计和原型开发 BLE 外围设备的特定开发平台。

本章的讨论假定您对嵌入式系统设计(第 10 章)有基本的了解,主要目的是为产品设计者指出可能适合其产品的廉价、现成的平台。

nRF51822-EK (Nordic 半导体公司)

Nordic Semiconductors 多年来一直致力于低功耗无线解决方案,作为蓝牙技术联盟(Bluetooth SIG)的董事会成员,自 BLE 标准诞生以来,Nordic Semiconductors 一直在帮助其定义和制定核心标准。该公司在无线市场上以其广受欢迎的通用射频(RF)芯片解决方案而闻名,也是最早将价格合理的 BLE 外围模式芯片(nRF8001)推向市场的公司之一。其最新的 nRF51 系列与之前的许多单芯片射频产品相比进行了全面的重新设计,在单芯片中集成了无线电和现代 32 位 ARM 微处理器。

技术规格

Nordic 的 nRF51 系列是一款高度集成的片上系统,将兼容 BLE 的无线电和现代 ARM 处理器集成在一个低成本封装中,具有以下 特性:

  • 运行频率为 16 MHz 的 ARM Cortex-M0 内核

  • 128 或 256 KB 闪存(S110 BLE 堆栈需要 80 至 90 KB 闪存)

  • 16 KB SRAM(使用 S110 BLE 栈的应用程序可使用 8 KB SRAM)

对于产品设计人员来说,nRF51822 是一款完全基于闪存的器件,这是其与众不同的关键因素。这意味着 BLE 堆栈被写入可修改的闪存中,并可随着内核规格的发展而更新,而不一定需要对芯片进行新的修订。

这种选择的缺点是,与基于 ROM 的解决方案相比,它增加了一些额外的单器件制造成本。但考虑到蓝牙核心规范的快速发展,从长远来看,这种赌博可能会得到回报,因为与其他选择低成本 ROM 芯片的芯片供应商相比,Nordic 有可能更快地向市场推出支持最新规范的芯片。

软设备架构

为了在其芯片上实现对 BLE 的支持(也可用于非 BLE 标准,如 ANT+ 和专有 2.4GHz 协议),Nordic 使用了一种称为SoftDevice(SD) 的技术。软器件本质上是一个黑盒子,位于闪存的底部,实现 BLE 堆栈和外设角色支持等功能。用户(应用)代码位于闪存中的较高地址,并根据需要调用该较低级别的软器件。

大多数 BLE 产品都使用 S110 SoftDevice,这是一种纯外设解决方案。该设备架构还包括支持中心角色的 S120 SoftDevice,但由于这种使用情况在 BLE 中并不常见,因此本节的讨论将侧重于 S110。

Nordic 的 SoftDevice 设计方法有利有弊。从积极的一面来看,以 SoftDevice 的形式拥有一个独立的、经过验证的、可靠的 BLE 堆栈可以让固件工程师将更多精力放在应用级代码上。他们可以处理更小的 API 和更高级的概念,如 GAP(第 3 章)和 GATT(第 4 章),而将最底层的细节(安全实现、消息验证等)留给 SoftDevice。

软设备还允许固件开发人员避免亲自处理无线电配置,而这可能是大多数射频产品固件开发过程中的重要部分。将这些细节转化为黑盒,可以防止固件工程师犯低级错误,还能大大简化产品验证过程,因为低级 ...

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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9798341662957