book

Learn Java 17 Programming - Second Edition

by Nick Samoylov

July 2022

Beginner

748 pages

15h 1m

English

Packt Publishing

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Second EditionContributorsAbout the authorAbout the reviewers
Who this book is forWhat this book coversTo get the most out of this bookDownload the example code filesDownload the color imagesConventions usedGet in touchShare Your Thoughts
Technical requirementsHow to install and run JavaWhat is the JDK and why do we need it?Installing Java SECommands, tools, and utilitiesHow to install and run an IDESelecting an IDEInstalling and configuring IntelliJ IDEACreating a projectImporting a projectExecuting examples from the command lineJava primitive types and operatorsBoolean typesNumeric typesDefault values of primitive typesLiterals of primitive typesNew compact number formatOperatorsString types and literalsString literalsString immutabilityIDs and variablesIDVariable declaration (definition) and initializationJava statementsExpression statementsControl flow statementsSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsOOP conceptsObject/classInheritanceAbstraction/interfaceEncapsulationPolymorphismClassMethodConstructorThe new operatorClass java.lang.ObjectInstance and static properties and methodsInterfaceDefault methodsPrivate methodsStatic fields and methodsInterface versus abstract classOverloading, overriding, and hidingOverloadingOverridingHidingThe final variable, method, and classesThe final variableFinal methodFinal classThe record classSealed classes and interfacesPolymorphism in actionThe object factoryThe instanceof operatorSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsPackages, importing, and accessPackagesImporting Access modifiersJava reference typesClass and interfaceArrayEnumDefault values and literals A reference type as a method parameterequals() method Reserved and restricted keywordsReserved keywordsReserved identifiersReserved words for literal valuesRestricted keywordsUsage of the this and super keywordsUsage of the this keywordUsage of the super keyword Converting between primitive typesWidening conversionNarrowing conversionMethods of conversionConverting between primitive and reference typesBoxingUnboxingSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsThe Java exceptions frameworkChecked and unchecked exceptionsThe try, catch, and finally blocksThe throws statementThe throw statementThe assert statementBest practices of exception handlingSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsString processingMethods of the String class String utilitiesI/O streamsStream dataThe InputStream class and its subclassesThe OutputStream class and its subclassesThe Reader and Writer classes and their subclassesOther classes of the java.io packageThe java.util.Scanner classFile managementCreating and deleting files and directoriesListing files and directoriesApache Commons’ FileUtils and IOUtils utilities The FileUtils classThe IOUtils classSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsList, Set, and Map interfacesGenericsHow to initialize List and Setjava.lang.Iterable interfaceCollection interfaceList interfaceSet interface Map interfaceUnmodifiable collectionsCollections utilitiesjava.util.Collections classCollectionUtils classArrays utilitiesjava.util.Arrays classArrayUtils classObjects utilitiesjava.util.Objects classObjectUtils classThe java.time packageLocalDate classLocalTime classLocalDateTime classPeriod and Duration classesPeriod of daySummaryQuiz

Technical requirementsJava Class Library (JCL)java.langjava.utiljava.timejava.io and java.niojava.sql and javax.sqljava.netjava.lang.math and java.mathjava.awt, javax.swing, and javafxExternal librariesorg.junitorg.mockitoorg.apache.log4j and org.slf4jorg.apache.commonsSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsThread versus processUser thread versus daemonExtending the Thread classImplementing the Runnable interfaceExtending Thread versus implementing RunnableUsing a pool of threadsGetting results from a threadParallel versus concurrent processingConcurrent modification of the same resourceAtomic variableSynchronized methodSynchronized blockConcurrent collections Addressing memory consistency errorsSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsJava application executionUsing an IDEUsing the command line with classesUsing the command line with JAR filesUsing the command line with an executable JAR fileJava processes ClassloadingClass linkingClass initializationClass instantiationMethod executionGarbage collectionApplication terminationJVM’s structureRuntime data areasClassloadersExecution engineGarbage collectionResponsiveness, throughput, and stop-the-worldObject age and generationWhen stop-the-world is unavoidableSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsCreating a databaseCreating a database structureConnecting to a databaseReleasing the connectionCRUD dataThe INSERT statementThe SELECT statementThe UPDATE statementThe DELETE statementUsing statementsUsing PreparedStatementUsing CallableStatementUsing a shared library JAR file to access a databaseSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsNetwork protocolsUDP-based communicationTCP-based communicationThe java.net.ServerSocket classThe java.net.Socket classRunning the examplesUDP versus TCP protocolsURL-based communicationThe URL syntaxThe java.net.URL classUsing the HTTP 2 Client APIBlocking HTTP requestsNon-blocking (asynchronous) HTTP requestsServer push functionalityWebSocket supportSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsJava GUI technologiesJavaFX fundamentalsHelloWorld with JavaFXControl elementsChartsApplying CSSUsing FXMLEmbedding HTMLPlaying mediaAdding effectsSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsWhat is functional programming?What is a functional interface?What is a Lambda expression?Standard functional interfacesConsumer<T>Predicate<T>Supplier<T>Function<T, R>Other standard functional interfacesLambda expression limitationsMethod referencesSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsStreams as a source of data and operationsStream initializationStream interfaceThe Stream.Builder interfaceOther classes and interfacesOperations (methods)Intermediate operationsTerminal operationsNumeric stream interfacesCreating a streamIntermediate operationsTerminal operationsParallel streamsStateless and stateful operationsSequential or parallel processing?SummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsAsynchronous processingSequential and parallel streamsUsing the CompletableFuture objectNon-blocking APIsThe java.io package versus the java.nio packageThe event/run loopReactiveResponsiveResilientElasticMessage-drivenReactive streamsRxJavaObservable typesDisposableCreating an observableOperatorsMultithreading (scheduler)SummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsWhat is JMH?Creating a JMH benchmarkRunning the benchmarkUsing an IDE pluginJMH benchmark parametersModeOutput time unitIterationsForkingJMH usage examplesUsing the @State annotationUsing the Blackhole objectUsing the @CompilerControl annotationUsing the @Param annotationA word of cautionSummaryQuiz
Technical requirementsJava idioms, their implementation, and their usageThe equals() and hashCode() methodsThe compareTo() methodThe clone() methodThe StringBuffer and StringBuilder classesThe try, catch, and finally clausesBest design practicesIdentifying loosely coupled functional areasBreaking the functional area into traditional tiersCoding to an interfaceUsing factoriesPreferring composition over inheritanceUsing librariesCode is written for peopleUse well-established frameworks and librariesTesting is the shortest path to quality codeSummaryQuiz
Chapter 1 – Getting Started with Java 17Chapter 2 – Java Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)Chapter 3 – Java FundamentalsChapter 4 – Exception HandlingChapter 5 – Strings, Input/Output, and FilesChapter 6 – Data Structures, Generics, and Popular UtilitiesChapter 7 – Java Standard and External LibrariesChapter 8 – Multithreading and Concurrent ProcessingChapter 9 – JVM Structure and Garbage CollectionChapter 10 – Managing Data in a DatabaseChapter 11 – Network ProgrammingChapter 12 – Java GUI ProgrammingChapter 13 – Functional ProgrammingChapter 14 – Java Standard StreamsChapter 15 – Reactive ProgrammingChapter 16 – Java Microbenchmark HarnessChapter 17 – Best Practices for Writing High-Quality Code
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Content preview from Learn Java 17 Programming - Second Edition

Chapter 9: JVM Structure and Garbage Collection

This chapter will provide you with an overview of the structure and behavior of a Java virtual machine (JVM), which are more complex than you may expect.

A JVM executes instructions according to the coded logic. It also finds and loads the .class files that are requested by the application into memory, verifies them, interprets the bytecode (that is, it translates them into platform-specific binary code), and passes the resulting binary code to the central processor (or processors) for execution. It uses several service threads in addition to the application threads. One of the service threads, called garbage collection (GC), performs the important step of releasing the memory from unused objects. ...