November 2024
Intermediate to advanced
620 pages
13h 46m
English
Content preview from Learn Python Programming - Fourth Edition
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O’Reilly covers everything we've got, with content to help us build a world-class technology community, upgrade the capabilities and competencies of our teams, and improve overall team performance as well as their engagement.I wanted to learn C and C++, but it didn't click for me until I picked up an O'Reilly book. When I went on the O’Reilly platform, I was astonished to find all the books there, plus live events and sandboxes so you could play around with the technology.I’ve been on the O’Reilly platform for more than eight years. I use a couple of learning platforms, but I'm on O'Reilly more than anybody else. When you're there, you start learning. I'm never disappointed.I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.
12
Introduction to Type Hinting
”Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
– Aristotle
In this chapter, we are going to explore the topic of type hinting. Type hinting is perhaps the biggest change introduced in Python since Python 2.2, which saw the unification of types and classes.
Specifically, we will study the following topics:
- Python approach to types.
- Types available for annotations.
- Protocols (in brief).
- Mypy, a static type checker for Python.
Python approach to types
Python is both a strongly typed and a dynamically typed language.
Strongly typed means that Python does not allow implicit type conversions that could lead to unexpected behaviors. Consider the following php code:
<?php
$a = 2;
$b = "2";
echo $a + $b; // prints: ...Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.