Learning Chef

Chapter 14. Roles

Roles are a way of classifying the different types of services in your infrastructure, as shown in Figure 14-1.

Figure 14-1. Roles overview

Roles can be used to represent the types of servers in your infrastructure:

• Load balancer
• Application server
• Database cache
• Database
• Monitoring

Although you can add recipes directly to a node’s run list, that’s not how your infrastructure works. Think about how you normally refer to servers:

• “It’s a web server.”
• “It’s a database server.”
• “It’s a monitoring server.”

Roles allow you to conveniently encapsulate the run lists and attributes required for a server to be what you already think it is. Roles make it easy to configure many nodes identically without repeating yourself each time.

In addition to obvious roles, such as a “web server,” it is common practice to group any functionality that goes together into a role. The most common example is a base role, where you include all the recipes that should be run on every node.

Create a Web Server Role

Roles can be created and managed in the same fashion as data bags—there is a directory under chef-playground in which they are organized. The directory name is roles by default.

Use the chef-playground directory you created in Chapter 11. Use the same dual command prompt setup you used there. Start the chef-zero server on an open port in one window. ...