book

Learning Cocoa

Name: Learning Cocoa
Author: Apple Computer Inc
ISBN: 9780596001605

by Apple Computer Inc

May 2001

Beginner

384 pages

9h 37m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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Learning Cocoa
Preface
Organization of This BookPart I, Cocoa OverviewPart II, Single-Window ApplicationsPart III, Multiple-Window Applications
Conventions Used in This Book
How to Contact Us
I. Cocoa Overview
1. Introduction to Cocoa
Cocoa FeaturesImaging and Printing ModelMultimediaQuickTimeOpenGLInternetLocalization and InternationalizationText and FontsComponent Technologies
The Cocoa Frameworks
FoundationProgramming types and operationsCollectionsDates and timesStrings and textData and valuesString scanningException handlingOperating system entities and servicesNotificationsThreadsLocksTasksPortsRun loopsTimersObject functionalityMemory managementDistributed objectsSerialization and archivingFile and I/O managementURL handlingOther servicesApplication KitUser interfaceWindowsViewsPanelsControlsFeature integrationText and fontsImagesColorFacilitiesDocument architectureResponder chainSharing data with other applicationsDrag and dropPrintingAccessing the file systemSpellcheckingLocalization
2. Object-Oriented Programming
The Advantages of Object-Oriented ProgrammingProgramming with Objects
Fundamental Object-Oriented Concepts
ObjectsEncapsulationClassesMethods and MessagesPolymorphism and Dynamic BindingInheritance
3. Objective-C Primer
Language SummaryMessagesDefined TypesPreprocessor DirectivesCompiler DirectivesClassesCategoriesProtocolsMethod DeclarationsMethod ImplementationsNaming Conventions

Objective-C in Action
DeclarationsMessages and Method ImplementationsDefining a ClassOverriding a MethodObject CreationDesignated initializers
4. Development Tools
Project BuilderFeature HighlightsDelimiter checkingEmacs key bindingsFindFlexible build system
Interface Builder
Other Development Tools
Useful Command-Line Tools
II. Single-Window Applications
5. Hello World
Creating the ProjectOpen Project BuilderChoose the New Project CommandSelect Project TypeThe Main WindowBuild the Application
6. Essential Cocoa Paradigms
Cocoa’s Collection ClassesWorking with NSArrayWorking with NSDictionaryWorking with dictionaries
Create Graphical User Interfaces in Cocoa
Windows in CocoaNSWindow and the window serverApplication, window, and viewKey and main windowsNib FilesOutletsCreate a Cocoa Application ProjectOpen the Main Nib FileMove and Resize the WindowAdd a Text FieldCreate a Custom SubclassDefine an Outlet for the ClassGenerate an Instance of the ClassConnect the Custom Class to the InterfaceGenerate the Source FilesExamine a Header File in Project BuilderStatically Type the OutletImplement MyController’s awakeFromNib MethodBuild, Debug, and Run Nib FilesBuild the projectDebug the projectRun the application
Controls, Cells, and Formatters
Cells and FormattersA Formatted Cell Example
Target/Action
Target/Action ExampleCreate the project and user interfaceCreate the controller classDefine the outlets of the classDefine an action for the classGenerate an instance of the classConnect the interface controls to the class’s actionsConnect the custom class to the interfaceGenerate the source filesImplement MyController’s action methodBuild and debug the application
Object Ownership, Retention, and Disposal
Object Initialization and DeallocationReference CountingAutorelease PoolsImplications of Retained ObjectsCopying Versus RetainingReference Counting in AccessorsWhen to releaseWhen to copyRelease or autoreleaseTips for Eliminating Deallocation Bugs
7. Currency Converter Tutorial
Design the Currency Converter ApplicationThe Model-View-Controller (MVC) ParadigmMVC in Currency Converter’s design
Create the Currency Converter Project
Create the Application ProjectProject Indexing
Create the Currency Converter Interface
Open the Main Nib FileResize the WindowSet the Window’s Title and AttributesPlace a Text Field; Resize and Initialize ItDuplicate an ObjectChange the Attributes of a Text FieldAssign Labels to the FieldsAdd a Button to the Interface and Initialize ItAdd a Horizontal Decorative LineAqua Layout and Object AlignmentCenter the Interface Objects and Resize the WindowEnable Tabbing Between Text FieldsTest the Interface
Define the Classes of Currency Converter
Create the ConverterController SubclassDefine Outlets for ConverterControllerDefine Actions for ConverterControllerDefine the Converter Class
Connect ConverterController to the Interface
Generate an Instance of the ClassConnect the Custom Class to the InterfaceConnect the Interface Controls to the Class’s ActionsConnect ConverterController to the Converter Class
Implement the Classes of Currency Converter
Generate the Source FilesExamine an Interface (Header) File in Project BuilderAdd a Method DeclarationImplement Currency Converter’s ClassesBuild and Run Currency ConverterBuild the projectRun Currency Converter
8. Event Handling
Respond to User-Generated EventsThe Application QuartetNSResponderNSWindowNSViewNSApplicationThe View HierarchySubclass NSViewThe Event Cycle and First ResponderThe event queue and event dispatchingEvent types and tracingFirst responder and the responder chainKey window and first responderCreate the Dot View Application
Respond to Program-Generated Events
DelegationA simple delegate exampleUse sheetsFind delegate methods programmaticallyNotificationRegister to receive a notificationA simple notification exampleCreate a new projectAdd a text field and controller classMake MyController an observerBuild and run the application
9. Data Functionality
Table Views and Data SourcesA Very Simple TableCreate the projectAdd the table viewConfigure the table columnsDeclare the data source classImplement the data source methodsBuild and run the projectA More Complete Table View ExampleCreate an expense classAdd a new column to the table viewConfigure the table columnsAdd table column identifiersUpdate the data source classSeed the Expense array with test dataBuild and test the applicationModify values in the table viewEnter data in the table viewFurther Exploration
Flatten the Object Network: Coding and Archiving
NSCoder and NSArchiverAdd Coding and Archiving to the Expenses Application
10. Travel Advisor Tutorial
Travel Advisor DesignModel ObjectsView ObjectsController ObjectsHow TAController manages dataStoring data source informationCreation of Country objectsDelegation and notification
Create the Travel Advisor Interface
Get StartedCreate the Application ProjectCustomize the Application WindowAdd the Text Fields, Labels, and Buttons to the WindowMore about buttonsAdd a Form Object to the InterfaceGroup the Objects on the InterfaceAdd the Text ViewAdd and Configure the Table ViewAdd an Image to the InterfaceAdd a Menu and Menu ItemsAdd FormattersMake Connections for InterfieldTabbing and PrintingTest the Interface
Define the Classes of Travel Advisor
Specify the Country and TAController ClassesSpecify TAController’s Outlets and ActionsReuse the Converter ClassGenerate TAController and Converter InstancesMake Connections to the TAController InstanceView Connections in Outline ModeAbout File’s OwnerConnect the Delegate OutletGenerate Source Code Files
Implement the Classes of Travel Advisor
Reuse Currency ConverterBuild and Test the ApplicationImplement Temperature ConversionImplement the Country ClassDeclare instance variablesMethods for the Country classDeclare the MethodsImplement the Country object’s init methodImplement the dealloc methodImplement the accessor methodsStatically Type TAController’s OutletsAdd New Instance Variables to TAController.hImplement the blankFields: MethodTAController and Data MediationImplement the extractFields: methodImplement the populateFields: methodGet the Table View to WorkImplement the behavior of the table view’s data sourceImplement two methods of the NSTableDataSource informal protocolImplement the country-selection methodOptional exerciseBuild the ProjectAdd and Delete RecordsField ValidationApplication ManagementImplement TAController’s methods for initializing and deallocating itselfImplement notification to track modified recordsImplement Archiving and UnarchivingBuild and Run the Application
III. Multiple-Window Applications
11. Cocoa’s Multiple-Document Architecture
Architectural OverviewThe Role of NSDocumentControllerThe Role of NSDocumentThe Role of NSWindowController
Implement a Document-Based Application
The Document-Based Application PackageCreate the ProjectCompose the InterfaceModify the Info Property ListSubclass NSDocumentData-based primitivesLocation-based primitivesWindow controller creationPrinting and page layoutBackup filesMenu itemsInitializersImplement the NSDocument Subclass
12. To Do: Basics
The Design of To DoTo Do’s Multidocument DesignHow To Do Stores and Accesses Its DataTo Do’s Custom ViewsAbout Dates and Times in Cocoa
Build the Application
Create the ProjectRename the NSDocument SubclassCreate the Model Class (ToDoItem)Declare the instance variablesDeclare methodsDefine constantsDeclare time-conversion functionsImplement accessor methodsImplement a description methodImplement init and deallocImplement archiving and unarchivingImplement time conversionImplement the Calendar viewMatrix as superclassCompose the interfaceAdd declarations to the header fileDeclare CalendarMatrix’s private methodsImplement initWithFrame: and deallocImplement awakeFromNibImplement refreshCalendarImplement highlightTodayIfVisibleImplement the choseDay: action methodImplement the monthChanged: action methodBuild and testComplete the Document InterfaceImplement init and deallocImplement accessor and action methodsImplement ToDoDocument’s delegate methodsBuild and testManage To Do’s Data and Coordinate Its DisplayDeclare ToDoDocument’s private methodsModify windowControllerDidLoadNib:Implement initDataModelWithDictionary:Implement the currentItems accessor methodsImplement updateLists:Implement saveDocItems:Implement selectItemAtRow:Implement controlTextDidBeginEditing:Implement controlTextDidEndEditing:Update the CalendarMatrix delegate methodBuild and test
13. To Do: Extended
Create and Manage an Info WindowCustomize the Application’s MenuCreate and Configure an Application DelegateCreate a nib File for To Do’s Info WindowCreate an Offscreen PanelApply FormattersDefine the InfoWindowController ClassType OutletsAdd Declarations to InfoWindowController.hImplement Basic MethodsImport headersAdd private declarationsImplement the class method sharedInfoWindowControllerImplement init, windowDidLoad, and deallocAdd a Stub for the updateInfoWindow MethodImplement setMainWindow:Implement mainWindowChanged:Implement swapInfoWindowView:Build and TestImplement Advanced InfoWindowController MethodsImplement updateInfoWindowImplement clearButtonMatrixImplement switchClicked:Implement notification methods
Create SelectionNotifyMatrix
Create Files for SelectionNotifyMatrixOverride mouseDown:Override selectCellAtRow:column:Reassign the Class of the itemList MatrixRespond to the Notification
Data Synchronization
Create a Custom View to Display ToDoItem Status
Why Choose NSButtonCell as a Superclass?Implement the ToDoCell InterfaceDeclare Private MethodsImplement init and deallocImplement Accessor MethodsSet the Cell ImageTrack Mouse ClicksGet and Set the Time DueCreate and Install the Custom CellsRespond to Mouse Clicks
Set Up Timers
Set a Timer for an ItemImplement setTimerForItem:Respond to TimersBuild and Test
Implement Archiving and Unarchiving (Save and Open)
Implement dataRepresentationOfType:Implement loadDataRepresentation:ofType:Modify windowControllerDidLoadNib:Implement loadDocWithData:Build and TestOptional exercises
14. To Do: Finishing Touches
Configure Application SettingsSpecify a Bundle IdentifierSpecify an Application SignatureSpecify Display Information
Add an Application Icon
Define a Document Type for To Do
Enable Compiler Optimization
IV. Reference
A. Drawing in Cocoa
Coordinate Systems
Transformation Matrices
NSView
Frame and boundsFocusComposite Images
Draw NSStrings
NSBezierPath
Construct PathsPath ElementsDraw Paths
Draw with NSBezierPath
Draw Lines and RectanglesDraw Complex Shapes
Draw with Quartz Primitives
Index
Colophon

Content preview from Learning Cocoa

Create the Currency Converter Interface

Currency Converter’s interface is really quite simple, consisting of a few text fields and a button. However, the process of creating it will give you an opportunity to explore some of the object layout tools available in Interface Builder that make it a joy to use.

Open the Main Nib File

Begin by creating an application’s user interface in Interface Builder.

Locate MainMenu.nib in the Resources group in Project Builder.
Double-click to open it. This will open Interface Builder and bring up the nib file.

A default menu bar and window titled Window will appear when the nib file is open.

Resize the Window

In this section you’ll change the size of the application’s main window to accommodate the UI objects to be added.

Using Figure 7.4 as a guide, make the window smaller by dragging an edge of the bottom-right corner of the window inward.
Figure 7-4. Currency Converter’s main window
You can resize the window more precisely by using the Size menu of the Window Info window.
Choose Show Info from the Tools menu.
Select Size from the pop-up menu.
In the Content Rect area, select Width/Height from the righthand pop-up menu. In the text fields under the Width/Height menu, type 400 in the width (w) field and 200 in the height (h) field as shown in Figure 7.5.
Figure 7-5. The Window Info window

Set the Window’s Title and Attributes

While the Info window is ...

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