Learning Java, 4th Edition

Concurrency Utilities

So far in this chapter, we’ve demonstrated how to create and synchronize threads at a low level, using Java language primitives. The java.util.concurrent package and subpackages introduced with Java 5.0 build on this functionality, adding important threading utilities and codifying some common design patterns by supplying standard implementations. Roughly in order of generality, these areas include:

Thread-aware Collections implementations

The java.util.concurrent package augments the Java Collections API with several implementations for specific threading models. These include timed wait and blocking implementations of the Queue interface, as well as nonblocking, concurrent-access optimized implementations of the Queue and Map interfaces. The package also adds “copy on write” List and Set implementations for extremely efficient “almost always read” cases. These may sound complex, but actually cover some fairly simple cases very well. We’ll cover the Collections API in Chapter 11.

Executors

Executors run tasks, including Runnables, and abstract the concept of thread creation and pooling from the user. Executors are intended to be a high-level replacement for the idiom of creating new threads to service a series of jobs. Along with Executors, the Callable and Future interfaces are introduced, which expand upon Runnable to allow management, value return, and exception handling.

Low-level synchronization constructs

The java.util.concurrent.locks package holds a set ...