January 2019
Beginner
556 pages
14h 19m
English
Content preview from Learning PostgreSQL 11 - Third Edition
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Tuple
A tuple is a set of ordered attributes. They are written by listing the elements within parentheses () and separated by commas, such as (john, smith, 1971). Tuple elements are identified via the attribute name. Tuples have the following properties:
- (a1,a2, a3,…,an) = (b1, b2,b3,…,bn ) if and only if a1= b1, a2=b2, …,an= bn
- A tuple is not a set; the order of attributes matters as well as duplicate members:
- (a1, a2) ≠(a2, a1)
- (a1, a1) ≠(a1)
- A tuple has a finite set of attributes
In the formal relational model, multi-valued attributes, as well as composite attributes, are not allowed. This is important to reduce data redundancy and increase data consistency. This isn't strictly true in modern relational database systems because of ...
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