March 2025
Intermediate to advanced
462 pages
10h 23m
Spanish
Content preview from Libro de cocina de electrónica
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Capítulo 4. Diodos
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4.0 Introducción
Los primeros diodos que se utilizaron en electrónica fueron los detectores de bigote de gato utilizados en las radios de cristal. Consistían en un cristal de un material semiconductor (a menudo sulfuro de plomo o silicio). El bigote de gato es simplemente un alambre desnudo que se sujeta en un soporte ajustable que toca el cristal semiconductor. Moviendo con cuidado el bigote, en determinados puntos de contacto la disposición actuaría como un diodo, permitiendo que la corriente fluyera sólo en una dirección. Esta propiedad es necesaria en un receptor de radio sencillo para detectar la señal de radio y poder oírla (ver Capítulo 19).
Hoy en día los diodos son mucho más fáciles de usar y vienen en todo tipo de formas y tamaños.
4.1 Bloquear el flujo de corriente en una dirección
Problema
Quieres un componente que permita que la corriente fluya en un sentido pero no en el otro.
Solución
Un diodo es un componente que sólo permite que la corriente fluya a través de él en una dirección. Es una especie de válvula unidireccional, si quieres verlo como el agua que corre por las tuberías, lo cual, por supuesto, es una simplificación. En realidad, el diodo ofrece una resistencia muy baja en una dirección y una resistencia muy alta en la otra. En otras palabras, la válvula unidireccional restringe un poco el flujo cuando está abierta ...
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