May 2024
Intermediate
232 pages
7h 11m
Chinese
Content preview from Linux 使用和管理指南：从云原生到可观测性
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shell
和脚本
|
65
如，用一个选项菜单。此外，与其使用
echo
，不如考虑
printf
，它允许你对输出进行
精细的控制，包括颜色。
下面是一个高级
I/O
的使用实例：
read name
printf "Hello %s" "$name"
❶
从用户输入中读取数值。
❷
输出上一步读取的值。
还有其他更高级的概念供你参考，如信号和陷阱（
https://oreil.ly/JsV1v
）。鉴于我们
在这里只想提供一个关于脚本主题的概述和介绍，我将向你推荐优秀的
bash Scripting
Cheatsheet
（
https://oreil.ly/nVjhN
），以获得所有相关结构的全面参考。如果你对编写
shell
脚本很认真，我建议你阅读
Carl Albing
、
JP Vossen
和
Cameron Newham
编写的
bash Cookbook
，其中包含了很多很好的片段，你可以把它作为一个起点。
3.4.2
编写可移植的
bash
脚本
我们现在来看看在
bash
中编写可移植的脚本是什么意思。但是，可移植又是什么意思，
你为什么要关心这个问题？
在
3.1.2
节的开头，我们定义了
POSIX
的含义，所以让我们在此基础上进行探讨。当我
说“可移植”时，我的意思是我们不对脚本的执行环境做太多的假设
—
无论是隐含的
还是显性的。如果一个脚本是可移植的，它就可以在许多不同的系统（
shell
、
Linux
发
行版等）上运行。
但是请记住，即使你确定了
shell
的类型（在我们的例子中是
bash
），也不是所有的功能
都能在不同版本的
shell
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.