book

LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Study Guide, Second Edition

Name: LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Study Guide, Second Edition
Author: Roderick W. Smith
ISBN: 9780470404836

by Roderick W. Smith

February 2009

Intermediate to advanced

622 pages

17h 12m

English

Sybex

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Copyright
Dear Reader,
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Introduction
What Is Linux?Why Become LPI Certified?How to Become LPI CertifiedWho Should Buy This BookHow This Book Is OrganizedBonus CD-ROM ContentsConventions Used in This BookThe Exam ObjectivesExam 101Topic 101: System ArchitectureTopic 102: Linux Installation and Package ManagementTopic 103: GNU and Unix CommandsTopic 104: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy StandardExam 102Topic 105: Shells, Scripting and Data ManagementTopic 106: User Interfaces and DesktopsTopic 107: Administrative TasksTopic 108: Essential System ServicesTopic 109: Networking FundamentalsTopic 110: SecurityAssessment TestAnswers to Assessment Test
I. The LPI 101 Exam (60 Weights)
1. Exploring Linux Command-Line Tools
1.1. Understanding Command-Line Basics1.1.1. Exploring Your Linux Shell Options1.1.2. Using a Shell1.1.2.1. Starting a Shell1.1.2.2. Using Internal and External Commands1.1.2.3. Performing Some Shell Command Tricks1.1.3. Exploring Shell Configuration1.1.4. Using Environment Variables1.1.5. Getting Help1.2. Using Streams, Redirection, and Pipes1.2.1. Exploring Types of Streams1.2.2. Redirecting Input and Output1.2.3. Piping Data Between Programs1.2.4. Generating Command Lines1.3. Processing Text Using Filters1.3.1. File-Combining Commands1.3.1.1. Combining Files with cat1.3.1.2. Joining Files by Field with join1.3.1.3. Merging Lines with paste1.3.2. File-Transforming Commands1.3.2.1. Converting Tabs to Spaces with expand1.3.2.2. Displaying Files in Octal with od1.3.2.3. Sorting Files with sort1.3.2.4. Breaking a File into Pieces with split1.3.2.5. Translating Characters with tr1.3.2.6. Converting Spaces to Tabs with unexpand1.3.2.7. Deleting Duplicate Lines with uniq1.3.3. File-Formatting Commands1.3.3.1. Reformatting Paragraphs with fmt1.3.3.2. Numbering Lines with nl1.3.3.3. Preparing a File for Printing with pr1.3.4. File-Viewing Commands1.3.4.1. Viewing the Starts of Files with head1.3.4.2. Viewing the Ends of Files with tail1.3.4.3. Paging Through Files with less1.3.5. File-Summarizing Commands1.3.5.1. Extracting Text with cut1.3.5.2. Obtaining a Word Count with wc1.4. Using Regular Expressions1.4.1. Understanding Regular Expressions1.4.2. Using grep1.4.3. Using sed1.5. Summary1.6. Exam Essentials1.7. Review Questions1.8. Answers to Review Questions
2. Managing Software
2.1. Package Concepts2.2. Using RPM2.2.1. RPM Distributions and Conventions2.2.2. The rpm Command Set2.2.3. Extracting Data from RPMs2.2.4. Using Yum2.2.5. RPM and Yum Configuration Files2.2.6. RPM Compared to Other Package Formats2.3. Using Debian Packages2.3.1. Debian Distributions and Conventions2.3.2. The dpkg Command Set2.3.3. Using apt-cache2.3.4. Using apt-get2.3.5. Using dselect, aptitude, and Synaptic2.3.6. Reconfiguring Packages2.3.7. Debian Packages Compared to Other Package Formats2.3.8. Configuring Debian Package Tools2.4. Converting Between Package Formats2.5. Package Dependencies and Conflicts2.5.1. Real and Imagined Package Dependency Problems2.5.2. Workarounds to Package Dependency Problems2.5.2.1. Forcing the Installation2.5.2.2. Upgrading or Replacing the Depended-On Package2.5.2.3. Rebuilding the Problem Package2.5.2.4. Locating Another Version of the Problem Package2.5.3. Startup Script Problems2.6. Managing Shared Libraries2.6.1. Library Principles2.6.2. Locating Library Files2.6.2.1. Setting the Path Systemwide2.6.2.2. Temporarily Changing the Path2.6.2.3. Correcting Problems2.6.3. Library Management Commands2.6.3.1. Displaying Shared Library Dependencies2.6.3.2. Reloading the Library Cache2.7. Managing Processes2.7.1. Understanding the Kernel: The First Process2.7.2. Examining Process Lists2.7.2.1. Using Useful ps Options2.7.2.2. Interpreting ps Output2.7.2.3. top: A Dynamic ps Variant2.7.2.4. jobs: Processes Associated with Your Session2.7.3. Understanding Foreground and Background Processes2.7.4. Managing Process Priorities2.7.5. Killing Processes2.8. Summary2.9. Exam Essentials2.10. Review Questions2.11. Answers to Review Questions
3. Configuring Hardware
3.1. Configuring the BIOS and Core Hardware3.1.1. Understanding the Role of the BIOS3.1.2. IRQs3.1.3. I/O Addresses3.1.4. DMA Addresses3.1.5. Boot Disks and Geometry Settings3.1.6. Coldplug and Hotplug Devices3.2. Configuring Expansion Cards3.2.1. Configuring PCI Cards3.2.2. Learning about Kernel Modules3.2.3. Loading Kernel Modules3.2.4. Removing Kernel Modules3.3. Configuring USB Devices3.3.1. USB Basics3.3.2. Linux USB Drivers3.3.3. USB Manager Applications3.4. Configuring Hard Disks3.4.1. Configuring PATA Disks3.4.2. Configuring SATA Disks3.4.3. Configuring SCSI Disks3.4.4. Configuring External Disks3.5. Designing a Hard Disk Layout3.5.1. Why Partition?3.5.2. Types of Disk Partitions3.5.3. An Alternative to Partitions: LVM3.5.4. Mount Points3.5.5. Common Partitions and Filesystem Layouts3.6. Creating Partitions and Filesystems3.6.1. Partitioning a Disk3.6.1.1. Using fdisk3.6.1.2. Using GNU Parted3.6.2. Preparing a Partition for Use3.6.2.1. Common Filesystem Types3.6.2.2. Creating a Filesystem3.6.2.3. Creating Swap Space3.7. Maintaining Filesystem Health3.7.1. Tuning Filesystems3.7.1.1. Obtaining Filesystem Information3.7.1.2. Adjusting Tunable Filesystem Parameters3.7.1.3. Interactively Debugging a Filesystem3.7.2. Maintaining a Journal3.7.3. Checking Filesystems3.7.4. Monitoring Disk Use3.7.4.1. Monitoring Disk Use by Partition3.7.4.2. Monitoring Disk Use by Directory3.8. Mounting and Unmounting Filesystems3.8.1. Temporarily Mounting or Unmounting Filesystems3.8.1.1. Syntax and Parameters for mount3.8.1.2. Options for mount3.8.1.3. Using umount3.8.2. Permanently Mounting Filesystems3.9. Summary3.10. Exam Essentials3.11. Review Questions3.12. Answers to Review Questions
4. Managing Files
4.1. Managing Files4.1.1. File Naming and Wildcard Expansion Rules4.1.2. File Commands4.1.2.1. The ls Command4.1.2.2. The cp Command4.1.2.3. The mv Command4.1.2.4. The rm Command4.1.2.5. The touch Command4.1.3. File Archiving Commands4.1.3.1. The tar Utility4.1.3.2. The cpio Utility4.1.3.3. The dd Utility4.1.4. Managing Links4.1.5. Directory Commands4.1.5.1. The mkdir Command4.1.5.2. The rmdir Command4.2. Managing File Ownership4.2.1. Assessing File Ownership4.2.2. Changing a File's Owner4.2.3. Changing a File's Group4.3. Controlling Access to Files4.3.1. Understanding Permissions4.3.1.1. The Meanings of Permission Bits4.3.1.2. Special Permission Bits4.3.2. Changing a File's Mode4.3.3. Setting the Default Mode and Group4.3.4. Changing File Attributes4.4. Managing Disk Quotas4.4.1. Enabling Quota Support4.4.2. Setting Quotas for Users4.5. Locating Files4.5.1. The FHS4.5.1.1. The FSSTND and FHS4.5.1.2. Important Directories and Their Contents4.5.2. Tools for Locating Files4.5.2.1. The find Command4.5.2.2. The locate Command4.5.2.3. The whereis Command4.5.2.4. The which Command4.5.2.5. The type Command4.6. Summary4.7. Exam Essentials4.8. Review Questions4.9. Answers to Review Questions

5. Booting Linux and Editing Files
5.1. Installing Boot Loaders5.1.1. Boot Loader Principles5.1.2. Using LILO as the Boot Loader5.1.2.1. Configuring LILO5.1.2.1.1. Essential LILO Global Options5.1.2.1.2. Essential LILO Per-image Options5.1.2.2. Adding a Kernel to LILO5.1.2.3. Interacting with LILO5.1.3. Using GRUB as the Boot Loader5.1.3.1. Configuring GRUB5.1.3.1.1. GRUB Nomenclature and Quirks5.1.3.1.2. Essential Global GRUB Options5.1.3.1.3. Essential GRUB Per-Image Options5.1.3.2. Installing the GRUB Boot Loader5.1.3.3. Interacting with GRUB5.2. Understanding the Boot Process5.2.1. Extracting Information about the Boot Process5.2.2. Locating and Interpreting Boot Messages5.2.3. The Boot Process5.3. Dealing with Runlevels and the Initialization Process5.3.1. Runlevel Functions5.3.2. Identifying the Services in a Runlevel5.3.2.1. Basics of the /etc/inittab File5.3.2.2. The SysV Startup Scripts5.3.3. Managing Runlevel Services5.3.3.1. Managing Runlevel Services with chkconfig5.3.3.2. Managing Runlevel Services with ntsysv5.3.4. Checking Your Runlevel5.3.4.1. Checking and Changing Your Default Runlevel5.3.4.2. Determining Your Current Runlevel5.3.5. Changing Runlevels on a Running System5.3.5.1. Changing Runlevels with init or telinit5.3.5.2. Changing Runlevels with shutdown5.3.5.3. Changing Runlevels with the halt, reboot, and poweroff Commands5.4. Editing Files with Vi5.4.1. Understanding Vi Modes5.4.2. Exploring Basic Text-Editing Procedures5.4.3. Saving Changes5.5. Summary5.6. Exam Essentials5.7. Review Questions5.8. Answers to Review Questions
II. The LPI 102 Exam (60 Weights)
6. Configuring the X Window System, Localization, and Printing
6.1. Configuring Basic X Features6.1.1. X Server Options for Linux6.1.2. Methods of Configuring X6.1.2.1. X Configuration Utilities6.1.2.1.1. Configuration Tools for XFree86 4.x and X.org-X116.1.2.1.2. Configuration Tools for XFree86 3.3.6 and Earlier6.1.2.2. The X Configuration File Format6.1.2.3. The X Configure-and-Test Cycle6.1.3. X Configuration Options6.1.3.1. Loading Modules6.1.3.2. Setting the Keyboard6.1.3.3. Setting the Mouse6.1.3.4. Setting the Monitor6.1.3.5. Setting the Video Card6.1.3.5.1. Choosing the Server or Driver6.1.3.5.2. Setting Card-Specific Options6.1.3.6. Setting the Resolution and Color Depth6.1.3.7. Putting It All Together6.1.4. Obtaining X Display Information6.2. Configuring X Fonts6.2.1. Font Technologies and Formats6.2.2. Configuring X Core Fonts6.2.2.1. Preparing a Font Directory6.2.2.2. Adding Fonts to X's Font Path6.2.3. Configuring a Font Server6.2.4. Configuring Xft Fonts6.3. Managing GUI Logins6.3.1. The X GUI Login System6.3.2. Running an XDMCP Server6.3.3. Configuring an XDMCP Server6.3.3.1. Configuring XDM6.3.3.2. Configuring KDM6.3.3.3. Configuring GDM6.4. Using X for Remote Access6.4.1. X Client/Server Principles6.4.2. Using Remote X Clients6.5. X Accessibility6.5.1. Keyboard and Mouse Accessibility Issues6.5.1.1. Standard Keyboard and Mouse Options6.5.1.2. Using Onscreen Keyboards6.5.2. Screen Display Settings6.5.2.1. Adjusting Default Fonts6.5.2.2. Adjusting Contrast6.5.2.3. Using Magnifier Tools6.5.3. Using Additional Assistive Technologies6.5.3.1. Configuring Linux to Speak6.5.3.2. Using Braille Displays6.6. Configuring Localization and Internationalization6.6.1. Setting Your Time Zone6.6.2. Querying and Setting Your Locale6.6.2.1. What Is a Locale?6.6.2.2. What Is Your Locale?6.6.2.3. Changing Your Locale6.6.2.4. Modifying Text-File Locales6.7. Configuring Printing6.7.1. Conceptualizing the Linux Printing Architecture6.7.2. Understanding PostScript and Ghostscript6.7.2.1. PostScript: The De Facto Linux Printer Language6.7.2.2. Ghostscript: A PostScript Translator6.7.2.3. Squeezing Ghostscript into the Queue6.7.3. Running a Printing System6.7.4. Configuring CUPS6.7.4.1. Editing the CUPS Configuration Files6.7.4.2. Obtaining CUPS Printer Definitions6.7.4.3. Using the Web-Based CUPS Utilities6.7.4.4. Printing to Network Printers6.7.5. Monitoring and Controlling the Print Queue6.7.5.1. Printing Files with lpr6.7.5.2. Displaying Print Queue Information with lpq6.7.5.3. Removing Print Jobs with lprm6.7.5.4. Controlling the Print Queue6.8. Summary6.9. Exam Essentials6.10. Review Questions6.11. Answers to Review Questions
7. Administering the System
7.1. Managing Users and Groups7.1.1. Understanding Users and Groups7.1.1.1. Understanding Linux Usernames7.1.1.2. Linking Users Together for Productivity via Groups7.1.1.3. Mapping UIDs and GIDs to Users and Groups7.1.2. Configuring User Accounts7.1.2.1. Adding Users7.1.2.2. Modifying User Accounts7.1.2.2.1. Setting a Password7.1.2.2.2. Using usermod7.1.2.2.3. Using chage7.1.2.2.4. Directly Modifying Account Configuration Files7.1.2.3. Deleting Accounts7.1.3. Configuring Groups7.1.3.1. Adding Groups7.1.3.2. Modifying Group Information7.1.3.2.1. Using groupmod and usermod7.1.3.2.2. Using gpasswd7.1.3.2.3. Directly Modifying Group Configuration Files7.1.3.3. Deleting Groups7.2. Tuning User and System Environments7.3. Using System Log Files7.3.1. Understanding syslogd7.3.2. Setting Logging Options7.3.3. Manually Logging Data7.3.4. Rotating Log Files7.3.5. Reviewing Log File Contents7.4. Maintaining the System Time7.4.1. Linux Time Concepts7.4.2. Manually Setting the Time7.4.3. Using NTP7.4.3.1. Understanding NTP Basics7.4.3.2. Locating a Time Source7.4.3.3. Configuring NTP Servers7.4.3.4. Configuring NTP Clients7.5. Running Jobs in the Future7.5.1. Understanding the Role of cron7.5.2. Creating System cron Jobs7.5.3. Creating User cron Jobs7.5.4. Using anacron7.5.5. Using at7.6. Summary7.7. Exam Essentials7.8. Review Questions7.9. Answers to Review Questions
8. Configuring Basic Networking
8.1. Understanding TCP/IP Networking8.1.1. Knowing the Basic Functions of Network Hardware8.1.2. Investigating Types of Network Hardware8.1.3. Understanding Network Packets8.1.4. Understanding Network Protocol Stacks8.1.5. Knowing TCP/IP Protocol Types8.2. Understanding Network Addressing8.2.1. Using Network Addresses8.2.1.1. Addressing Hardware8.2.1.2. Managing IP Addresses8.2.1.3. Broadcasting Data8.2.1.4. Understanding Hostnames8.2.2. Resolving Hostnames8.2.3. Network Ports8.3. Configuring Linux for a Local Network8.3.1. Network Hardware Configuration8.3.2. Configuring with DHCP8.3.3. Configuring with a Static IP Address8.3.4. Configuring Routing8.3.5. Using GUI Configuration Tools8.3.6. Using the ifup and ifdown Commands8.3.7. Configuring Hostnames8.4. Diagnosing Network Connections8.4.1. Testing Basic Connectivity8.4.2. Tracing a Route8.4.3. Checking Network Status8.4.4. Examining Raw Network Traffic8.4.5. Using Additional Tools8.5. Summary8.6. Exam Essentials8.7. Review Questions8.8. Answers to Review Questions
9. Writing Scripts, Configuring E-mail, and Using Databases
9.1. Managing the Shell Environment9.1.1. Reviewing Environment Variables9.1.2. Understanding Common Environment Variables9.1.3. Using Aliases9.1.4. Modifying Shell Configuration Files9.2. Writing Scripts9.2.1. Beginning a Shell Script9.2.2. Using Commands9.2.3. Using Variables9.2.4. Using Conditional Expressions9.2.5. Using Loops9.2.6. Using Functions9.3. Managing E-mail9.3.1. Understanding E-mail9.3.2. Choosing E-mail Software9.3.3. Managing E-mail9.3.3.1. Sending and Receiving E-mail9.3.3.2. Checking the E-mail Queue9.3.3.3. Redirecting E-mail9.3.4. Securing Your E-mail Server9.4. Managing Data with SQL9.4.1. Picking a SQL Package9.4.2. Understanding SQL Basics9.4.3. Using MySQL9.4.3.1. Starting to Use MySQL9.4.3.2. Creating Databases and Tables9.4.3.3. Storing Data9.4.3.4. Retrieving Data9.4.3.5. Combining Data from Multiple Tables9.4.3.6. Deleting Data9.4.3.7. Learning More About SQL9.5. Summary9.6. Exam Essentials9.7. Review Questions9.8. Answers to Review Questions
10. Securing Your System
10.1. Administering Network Security10.1.1. Using Super Server Restrictions10.1.1.1. Configuring inetd10.1.1.1.1. Setting Up inetd10.1.1.1.2. Controlling Access via TCP Wrappers10.1.1.2. Configuring xinetd10.1.1.2.1. Setting Up xinetd10.1.1.2.2. Controlling Access via xinetd10.1.2. Disabling Unused Servers10.1.2.1. Using netstat10.1.2.2. Using lsof10.1.2.3. Using Remote Network Scanners10.1.2.4. Examining Configuration Files10.1.2.5. Uninstalling or Reconfiguring Servers10.2. Administering Local Security10.2.1. Securing Passwords10.2.1.1. Password Risks10.2.1.2. Choosing a Good Password10.2.1.3. Tools for Managing Passwords10.2.2. Limiting root Access10.2.3. Setting Login, Process, and Memory Limits10.2.4. Locating SUID/SGID Files10.3. Configuring SSH10.3.1. SSH Basics10.3.2. Setting SSH Options for Your System10.3.2.1. Configuring Basic SSH Features10.3.2.2. SSH Keys10.3.2.3. Controlling SSH Access10.3.2.4. Copying Files via SSH10.3.2.5. Configuring Logins without Passwords10.3.2.6. Using ssh-agent10.3.2.7. Using SSH Login Scripts10.3.2.8. Setting Up SSH Port Tunnels10.3.3. SSH Security Considerations10.4. Using GPG10.4.1. Generating and Importing Keys10.4.2. Encrypting and Decrypting Data10.4.3. Signing Messages and Verifying Signatures10.5. Summary10.6. Exam Essentials10.7. Review Questions10.8. Answers to Review Questions
A. About the Companion CD
A.1. What You'll Find on the CDA.1.1. Sybex Test EngineA.1.2. PDF of the BookA.1.3. Adobe ReaderA.1.4. Electronic FlashcardsA.2. System RequirementsA.3. Using the CDA.4. TroubleshootingA.4.1. Customer Care
Glossary

Content preview from LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Study Guide, Second Edition

Chapter 9. Writing Scripts, Configuring E-mail, and Using Databases

THE FOLLOWING LINUX PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE OBJECTIVES ARE COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER:

1.105.1 Customize and use the shell environment (weight: 4)
1.105.2 Customize or write simple scripts (weight: 4)
1.105.3 SQL data management (weight: 2)
1.108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics (weight: 3)

Writing Scripts, Configuring E-mail, and Using Databases

The next major topic of this chapter is Structured Query Language (SQL) data management. Many Linux installations rely on a SQL database to store information, and so you may need at least a minimal grounding in how to interact with SQL databases.

Finally, this chapter describes the basics of e-mail management ...

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LPIC-1 Linux Professional Institute Certification Practice Tests, 2nd Edition

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LPIC-1: Linux Professional Institute Certification Study Guide, Second Edition

by Roderick W. Smith

Chapter 9. Writing Scripts, Configuring E-mail, and Using Databases

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