book

MAC OS® X UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for the Mac OS® X

Name: MAC OS® X UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for the Mac OS® X
Author: Christopher Negus
ISBN: 9780470478363

by Christopher Negus

March 2009

Intermediate to advanced

285 pages

5h 46m

English

Wiley

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Copyright
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Who Should Read This BookWhat This Book CoversHow This Book Is StructuredWhat You Need to Use This BookConventions
1. Starting with UNIX on Mac OS X
1.1. About FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD1.2. Finding Mac OS X Resources1.3. Focusing on Mac OS X Commands1.3.1. Finding Commands1.3.2. Command Reference Information in UNIX1.3.2.1. Using help Messages1.3.2.2. Using man Pages1.3.2.3. Using info Documents1.4. Summary
2. New to Mac OS X?
2.1. What Is Mac OS X UNIX?2.2. Finding Terminal and Utilities2.3. Directory Structure2.4. Your Home Directory2.5. Spotlight2.6. Getting and Using Fink2.7. Mounting and Unmounting Drives2.8. Learning to Love Launchd2.9. Summary
3. Using the Shell
3.1. Terminal Windows and Shell Access3.2. Using the Shell3.2.1. Using bash History3.2.2. Using Command-Line Completion3.2.3. Redirecting stdin and stdout3.2.4. Using Aliases3.2.5. Tailing Files3.3. Acquiring Super User Power3.4. Using Environment Variables3.5. Creating Simple Shell Scripts3.5.1. Editing and Running a Script3.5.2. Adding Content to Your Script3.6. Summary
4. Working with Files
4.1. Understanding File Types4.1.1. Using Regular Files4.1.2. Using Directories4.1.3. Using Symbolic and Hard Links4.1.4. Using Device Files4.1.5. Using Named Pipes and Sockets4.2. Setting File and Directory Permissions4.2.1. Changing Permissions with chmod4.2.2. Setting the umask4.2.3. Changing Ownership4.3. Traversing the File System4.4. Copying Files4.5. Searching for Files4.5.1. Generating the locate Database4.5.2. Finding Files with locate4.5.3. Locating Files with find4.5.4. Using Other Commands to Find Files4.6. Finding Out More About Files4.6.1. Listing Files4.6.2. Verifying Files4.7. Summary
5. Manipulating Text
5.1. Matching Text with Regular Expressions5.2. Editing Text Files5.2.1. Using the Pico and Nano Editors5.3. Listing, Sorting, and Changing Text5.3.1. Listing Text Files5.3.2. Paging Through Text5.3.3. Paginating Text Files with pr5.3.4. Searching for Text with grep5.3.4.1. Checking Word Counts with wc5.3.4.2. Sorting Output with sort5.3.4.3. Finding Text in Binaries with Strings5.3.5. Replacing Text with sed5.3.6. Translating or Removing Characters with tr5.3.7. Checking Differences Between Two Files with diff5.3.8. Using awk and cut to Process Columns5.4. Summary
6. Advanced Scripting
6.1. Shell Scripting on Mac OS X6.1.1. Creating a Basic Shell Script6.1.2. Adding Command-Line Arguments6.1.3. Things to Watch Out For6.2. Using the Script Command6.3. AppleScripting6.4. Working with the Open Command6.5. Summary

7. Administering File Systems
7.1. Understanding File System Basics7.1.1. Setting Up the Disk Initially7.1.2. Checking Your Disk Setup7.1.3. Understanding File System Types7.2. Creating and Managing File Systems7.2.1. Partitioning Hard Disks7.2.2. A Better Option: Nondestructive Partitioning7.3. Mounting and Unmounting File Systems7.4. Checking File Systems7.5. Finding Out About File System Use7.6. Summary
8. Backups and Removable Media
8.1. Backing Up Data to Compressed Archives8.1.1. Creating Backup Archives with tar8.1.2. Using Compression Tools8.1.2.1. Compressing with gzip8.1.2.2. Compressing with bzip28.1.3. Listing, Joining, and Adding Files to tar Archives8.2. Backing Up over a Network8.2.1. Backing Up tar Archives over ssh8.2.2. Backing Up Files with rsync8.2.3. Backing Up to CD or DVD8.2.4. Working with Time Machine and Time Capsule8.3. Summary
9. Checking and Running Processes
9.1. Listing Active Processes9.1.1. Viewing Active Processes with ps9.1.2. Watching Active Processes with top9.2. Finding and Controlling Processes9.2.1. Using grep and pgrep to Find Processes9.2.2. Using fuser to Find Processes9.2.2.1. Adjusting Processor Priority with nice9.2.2.2. Running Processes in the Background and Foreground9.2.2.3. Killing and Signaling Processes9.2.2.4. Running Processes Away from the Current Shell9.2.2.5. Scheduling Processes to Run9.3. Summary
10. Managing the System
10.1. Monitoring Resources10.1.1. Monitoring Memory Use10.1.2. Monitoring CPU Usage10.1.3. Monitoring Storage Devices10.2. Mastering Time10.2.1. Changing Time Zone10.2.2. Displaying and Setting Time and Date10.2.3. Using Network Time Protocol to Set Date/Time10.2.4. Checking Uptime10.3. Starting and Stopping Your System10.4. Straight to the Kernel10.5. Summary
11. Managing Network Connections
11.1. Configuring Network Interfaces11.2. Managing Network Interface Cards11.3. Managing Network Connections11.3.1. Starting and Stopping Network Connections11.3.2. Starting and Stopping Network Services11.4. Checking Name Resolution11.5. Troubleshooting Network Problems11.5.1. Checking Connectivity to a Host11.5.2. Checking Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)11.5.3. Tracing Routes to Hosts11.5.4. Displaying netstat Connections and Statistics11.6. Summary
12. Accessing Network Resources
12.1. Transferring Files12.1.1. Downloading Files with wget12.1.2. Transferring Files with curl12.1.3. Transferring Files with FTP Commands12.1.4. Using SSH Tools to Transfer Files12.1.4.1. Copying Remote Files with scp12.1.4.2. Copying Remote Files in sftp and lftp Sessions12.2. Sharing Remote Directories12.2.1. Sharing Remote Directories with NFS12.2.1.1. Sharing Directories from an NFS Server12.2.1.2. Viewing and Exporting NFS Shares12.2.1.3. Mounting NFS Shares12.2.2. Sharing Remote Directories with Samba12.2.2.1. Viewing and Accessing Samba Shares12.2.2.2. Mounting Samba Shares12.2.2.3. Looking Up Samba Hosts12.2.2.4. Checking Samba Configuration12.3. Chatting with Friends in IRC12.4. Using Text-Based E-mail Clients12.5. Summary
13. Remote System Administration
13.1. Remote Login and Tunneling with SSH13.1.1. Configuring SSH13.1.2. Logging in Remotely with SSH13.1.2.1. Accessing SSH on a Different Port13.1.2.2. Using SSH to Do Tunneling (X11 Port Forwarding)13.1.2.2.1. Tunneling for X11 Clients13.1.2.2.2. Tunneling for CUPS Printing Remote Administration13.1.2.2.3. Tunneling to an Internet Service13.1.2.3. Using SSH with Public Key Authentication13.1.2.3.1. Using Public Key Logins13.1.2.3.2. Saving Private Keys to Use from a USB Flash Drive13.2. Using screen: A Rich Remote Shell13.2.1. Reconnecting to a screen Session13.2.2. Naming screen Sessions13.2.3. Sharing screen Sessions13.3. Using a Remote Windows Desktop13.4. Using Remote Desktop and Applications13.5. Sharing Your Desktop Using VNC13.6. Summary
14. Locking Down Security
14.1. Working with Users and Groups14.2. Managing Users the GUI Way14.3. Checking on Users14.4. Configuring the Built-in Firewall14.5. Working with System Logs14.6. Summary
A. Using vi or Vim Editors
A.1. Starting and Quitting the vi EditorA.2. Moving Around in viA.3. Changing and Deleting Text in viA.4. Using Miscellaneous CommandsA.5. Modifying Commands with NumbersA.6. Using Ex CommandsA.7. Working in Visual ModeA.8. Summary
B. Special Shell Characters and Variables
B.1. Using Special Shell CharactersB.2. Using Shell Variables
C. Personal Configuration Files
D. AppleScript Command Summary
E. Fink Package Summary
F. Perl Primer
F.1. Introducing PerlF.2. Checking Links on a WebsiteF.2.1. The Entire ScriptF.2.2. Initializing the Script and Loading PackagesF.2.3. Targeting the URL and Extracting LinksF.2.4. Processing the @links ArrayF.2.5. Running the ScriptF.2.6. Extending the Script

Content preview from MAC OS® X UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for the Mac OS® X

Chapter 3. Using the Shell

The use of a shell command interpreter (usually just called a shell) dates back to the early days of the first UNIX systems. Besides their obvious use of running commands, shells have many built-in features such as environment variables, aliases, and a variety of functions for programming.

There are several different shells to choose from on Mac OS X systems. In the past, tcsh was used as the default shell. More recently, the Bourne Again Shell (bash) has been the default.

This chapter offers information that will help you use most UNIX shells, in general, and the bash shell, in particular.

Terminal Windows and Shell Access

The most common way to access a shell from a Mac OS X graphical interface is using a Terminal window. To open a Terminal window from Mac OS X, open the Applications folder and select Utilities

The commands shown in Figure 3-1 illustrate that the current shell is the bash shell (/bin/bash); the current user is the desktop user who launched the window (myerman), and the current directory is that user's home directory (/Users/myerman). The username (myerman) and the shell (bash) appear in the title bar.

The Terminal window not only enables you to access a shell; it also has controls for managing your shells. For ...

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MAC OS® X UNIX® Toolbox: 1000+ Commands for the Mac OS® X

by Christopher Negus

Chapter 3. Using the Shell

Terminal Windows and Shell Access

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