Mastering Object-Oriented Python - Second Edition

Fluent APIs for factories

In Python, a fluent interface is built by creating methods that return the self instance variable. Each method can set some of the object's state. By returning self, the functions can be chained together.

We might have X().a().b() in an object notation. We can think of it as . The x.a() function is a kind of partial() function that's waiting for b(). We can think of X().a() as if it were an object with another function as its argument value, .

The idea here is that Python offers us two alternatives for initializing state. ...