book

Microsoft® Visual C#® 2010 Step by Step

Name: Microsoft® Visual C#® 2010 Step by Step
Author: John Sharp
ISBN: 9780735642249

by John Sharp

April 2010

Beginner

752 pages

21h 49m

English

Microsoft Press

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Microsoft® Visual C#® 2010 Step by Step
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Who This Book Is ForFinding Your Best Starting Point in This BookConventions and Features in This BookConventionsOther FeaturesPrerelease SoftwareHardware and Software RequirementsCode SamplesInstalling the Code SamplesUsing the Code SamplesUninstalling the Code SamplesFind Additional Content OnlineSupport for This BookQuestions and Comments
I. Introducing Microsoft Visual C# and Microsoft Visual Studio 2010
1. Welcome to C#
Beginning Programming with the Visual Studio 2010 EnvironmentCreate a console application in Visual Studio 2010Create a console application in Visual Studio 2010Create a console application in Visual Studio 2010Writing Your First ProgramWrite the code by using Microsoft IntelliSenseWrite the code by using Microsoft IntelliSenseWrite the code by using Microsoft IntelliSenseBuild and run the console applicationUsing NamespacesTry longhand namesTry longhand namesTry longhand namesCreating a Graphical ApplicationCreate a graphical application in Visual Studio 2010Create a graphical application in Visual Studio 2010Create a graphical application in Visual Studio 2010Create the user interfaceWrite the code for the OK buttonChapter 1 Quick Reference
2. Working with Variables, Operators, and Expressions
Understanding StatementsUsing IdentifiersIdentifying KeywordsUsing VariablesNaming VariablesDeclaring VariablesWorking with Primitive Data TypesUnassigned Local VariablesDisplaying Primitive Data Type ValuesUsing Arithmetic OperatorsOperators and TypesExamining Arithmetic OperatorsControlling PrecedenceUsing Associativity to Evaluate ExpressionsAssociativity and the Assignment OperatorIncrementing and Decrementing VariablesPrefix and PostfixDeclaring Implicitly Typed Local VariablesChapter 2 Quick Reference
3. Writing Methods and Applying Scope
Creating MethodsDeclaring a MethodReturning Data from a MethodCalling MethodsSpecifying the Method Call SyntaxApplying ScopeDefining Local ScopeDefining Class ScopeOverloading MethodsWriting MethodsUsing Optional Parameters and Named ArgumentsDefining Optional ParametersPassing Named ArgumentsResolving Ambiguities with Optional Parameters and Named ArgumentsChapter 3 Quick Reference
4. Using Decision Statements
Declaring Boolean VariablesUsing Boolean OperatorsUnderstanding Equality and Relational OperatorsUnderstanding Conditional Logical OperatorsShort-CircuitingSummarizing Operator Precedence and AssociativityUsing if Statements to Make DecisionsUnderstanding if Statement SyntaxUsing Blocks to Group StatementsCascading if StatementsUsing switch StatementsUnderstanding switch Statement SyntaxFollowing the switch Statement RulesChapter 4 Quick Reference
5. Using Compound Assignment and Iteration Statements
Using Compound Assignment OperatorsWriting while StatementsWriting for StatementsUnderstanding for Statement ScopeWriting do StatementsChapter 5 Quick Reference
6. Managing Errors and Exceptions
Coping with ErrorsTrying Code and Catching ExceptionsUnhandled ExceptionsUsing Multiple catch HandlersCatching Multiple ExceptionsUsing Checked and Unchecked Integer ArithmeticWriting Checked StatementsWriting Checked ExpressionsThrowing ExceptionsUsing a finally BlockChapter 6 Quick Reference

II. Understanding the C# Language
7. Creating and Managing Classes and Objects
Understanding ClassificationThe Purpose of EncapsulationDefining and Using a ClassControlling AccessibilityWorking with ConstructorsOverloading ConstructorsUnderstanding static Methods and DataCreating a Shared FieldCreating a static Field by Using the const KeywordStatic ClassesAnonymous ClassesChapter 7 Quick Reference
8. Understanding Values and References
Copying Value Type Variables and ClassesUnderstanding Null Values and Nullable TypesUsing Nullable TypesUnderstanding the Properties of Nullable TypesUsing ref and out ParametersCreating ref ParametersCreating out ParametersHow Computer Memory Is OrganizedUsing the Stack and the HeapThe System.Object ClassBoxingUnboxingCasting Data SafelyThe is OperatorThe as OperatorChapter 8 Quick Reference
9. Creating Value Types with Enumerations and Structures
Working with EnumerationsDeclaring an EnumerationUsing an EnumerationChoosing Enumeration Literal ValuesChoosing an Enumeration’s Underlying TypeWorking with StructuresDeclaring a StructureUnderstanding Structure and Class DifferencesDeclaring Structure VariablesUnderstanding Structure InitializationCopying Structure VariablesChapter 9 Quick Reference
10. Using Arrays and Collections
What Is an Array?Declaring Array VariablesCreating an Array InstanceInitializing Array VariablesCreating an Implicitly Typed ArrayAccessing an Individual Array ElementIterating Through an ArrayCopying ArraysUsing Multidimensional ArraysUsing Arrays to Play CardsWhat Are Collection Classes?The ArrayList Collection ClassThe Queue Collection ClassThe Stack Collection ClassThe Hashtable Collection ClassThe SortedList Collection ClassUsing Collection InitializersComparing Arrays and CollectionsUsing Collection Classes to Play CardsChapter 10 Quick Reference
11. Understanding Parameter Arrays
Using Array ArgumentsDeclaring a params ArrayUsing params object[ ]Using a params ArrayComparing Parameters Arrays and Optional ParametersChapter 11 Quick Reference
12. Working with Inheritance
What Is Inheritance?Using InheritanceCalling Base Class ConstructorsAssigning ClassesDeclaring new MethodsDeclaring Virtual MethodsDeclaring override MethodsUnderstanding protected AccessUnderstanding Extension MethodsChapter 12 Quick Reference
13. Creating Interfaces and Defining Abstract Classes
Understanding InterfacesDefining an InterfaceImplementing an InterfaceReferencing a Class Through Its InterfaceWorking with Multiple InterfacesExplicitly Implementing an InterfaceInterface RestrictionsDefining and Using InterfacesAbstract ClassesAbstract MethodsSealed ClassesSealed MethodsImplementing and Using an Abstract ClassChapter 13 Quick Reference
14. Using Garbage Collection and Resource Management
The Life and Times of an ObjectWriting DestructorsWhy Use the Garbage Collector?How Does the Garbage Collector Work?RecommendationsResource ManagementDisposal MethodsException-Safe DisposalThe using StatementCalling the Dispose Method from a DestructorImplementing Exception-Safe DisposalChapter 14 Quick Reference
III. Creating Components
15. Implementing Properties to Access Fields
Implementing Encapsulation by Using MethodsWhat Are Properties?Using PropertiesRead-Only PropertiesWrite-Only PropertiesProperty AccessibilityUnderstanding the Property RestrictionsDeclaring Interface PropertiesUsing Properties in a Windows ApplicationGenerating Automatic PropertiesInitializing Objects by Using PropertiesChapter 15 Quick Reference
16. Using Indexers
What Is an Indexer?An Example That Doesn’t Use IndexersThe Same Example Using IndexersUnderstanding Indexer AccessorsComparing Indexers and ArraysIndexers in InterfacesUsing Indexers in a Windows ApplicationChapter 16 Quick Reference
17. Interrupting Program Flow and Handling Events
Declaring and Using DelegatesThe Automated Factory ScenarioImplementing the Factory Without Using DelegatesImplementing the Factory by Using a DelegateUsing DelegatesLambda Expressions and DelegatesCreating a Method AdapterUsing a Lambda Expression as an AdapterThe Form of Lambda ExpressionsEnabling Notifications with EventsDeclaring an EventSubscribing to an EventUnsubscribing from an EventRaising an EventUnderstanding WPF User Interface EventsUsing EventsChapter 17 Quick Reference
18. Introducing Generics
The Problem with objectsThe Generics SolutionGenerics vs. Generalized ClassesGenerics and ConstraintsCreating a Generic ClassThe Theory of Binary TreesBuilding a Binary Tree Class by Using GenericsCreating a Generic MethodDefining a Generic Method to Build a Binary TreeVariance and Generic InterfacesCovariant InterfacesContravariant InterfacesChapter 18 Quick Reference
19. Enumerating Collections
Enumerating the Elements in a CollectionManually Implementing an EnumeratorImplementing the IEnumerable InterfaceImplementing an Enumerator by Using an IteratorA Simple IteratorDefining an Enumerator for the Tree<TItem> Class by Using an IteratorChapter 19 Quick Reference
20. Querying In-Memory Data by Using Query Expressions
What Is Language Integrated Query?Using LINQ in a C# ApplicationSelecting DataFiltering DataOrdering, Grouping, and Aggregating DataJoining DataUsing Query OperatorsQuerying Data in Tree<TItem> ObjectsLINQ and Deferred EvaluationChapter 20 Quick Reference
21. Operator Overloading
Understanding OperatorsOperator ConstraintsOverloaded OperatorsCreating Symmetric OperatorsUnderstanding Compound Assignment EvaluationDeclaring Increment and Decrement OperatorsComparing Operators in Structures and ClassesDefining Operator PairsImplementing OperatorsUnderstanding Conversion OperatorsProviding Built-in ConversionsImplementing User-Defined Conversion OperatorsCreating Symmetric Operators, RevisitedWriting Conversion OperatorsChapter 21 Quick Reference
IV. Building Windows Presentation Foundation Applications
22. Introducing Windows Presentation Foundation
Creating a WPF ApplicationBuilding the WPF ApplicationAdding Controls to the FormUsing WPF ControlsChanging Properties DynamicallyHandling Events in a WPF FormProcessing Events in Windows FormsChapter 22 Quick Reference
23. Gathering User Input
Menu Guidelines and StyleMenus and Menu EventsCreating a MenuHandling Menu EventsShortcut MenusCreating Shortcut MenusWindows Common Dialog BoxesUsing the SaveFileDialog ClassImproving Responsiveness in a WPF ApplicationChapter 23 Quick Reference
24. Performing Validation
Validating DataStrategies for Validating User InputAn Example—Order Tickets for EventsPerforming Validation by Using Data BindingChanging the Point at Which Validation OccursChapter 24 Quick Reference
V. Managing Data
25. Querying Information in a Database
Querying a Database by Using ADO.NETThe Northwind DatabaseCreating the DatabaseUsing ADO.NET to Query Order InformationQuerying a Database by Using LINQ to SQLDefining an Entity ClassCreating and Running a LINQ to SQL QueryDeferred and Immediate FetchingJoining Tables and Creating RelationshipsDeferred and Immediate Fetching RevisitedDefining a Custom DataContext ClassUsing LINQ to SQL to Query Order InformationChapter 25 Quick Reference
26. Displaying and Editing Data by Using the Entity Framework and Data Binding
Using Data Binding with the Entity FrameworkUsing Data Binding to Modify DataUpdating Existing DataHandling Conflicting UpdatesAdding and Deleting DataChapter 26 Quick Reference
VI. Building Professional Solutions with Visual Studio
27. Introducing the Task Parallel Library
Why Perform Multitasking by Using Parallel Processing?The Rise of the Multicore ProcessorImplementing Multitasking in a Desktop ApplicationTasks, Threads, and the ThreadPoolCreating, Running, and Controlling TasksUsing the Task Class to Implement ParallelismAbstracting Tasks by Using the Parallel ClassWhen Not to Use the Parallel ClassReturning a Value from a TaskUsing Tasks and User Interface Threads TogetherCanceling Tasks and Handling ExceptionsThe Mechanics of Cooperative CancellationHandling Task Exceptions by Using the AggregateException ClassUsing Continuations with Canceled and Faulted TasksChapter 27 Quick Reference
28. Performing Parallel Data Access
Using PLINQ to Parallelize Declarative Data AccessUsing PLINQ to Improve Performance While Iterating Through a CollectionSpecifying Options for a PLINQ QueryCanceling a PLINQ QuerySynchronizing Concurrent Imperative Data AccessLocking DataSynchronization Primitives in the Task Parallel LibraryThe ManualResetEventSlim ClassThe SemaphoreSlim ClassThe CountdownEvent ClassThe ReaderWriterLockSlim ClassThe Barrier ClassCancellation and the Synchronization PrimitivesThe Concurrent Collection ClassesUsing a Concurrent Collection and a Lock to Implement Thread-Safe Data AccessChapter 28 Quick Reference
29. Creating and Using a Web Service
What Is a Web Service?The Role of Windows Communication FoundationWeb Service ArchitecturesSOAP Web ServicesThe Role of SOAPWhat Is the Web Services Description Language?Nonfunctional Requirements of Web ServicesREST Web ServicesBuilding Web ServicesCreating the ProductInformation SOAP Web ServiceSOAP Web Services, Clients, and ProxiesTalking SOAP: The Difficult WayTalking SOAP: The Easy WayConsuming the ProductInformation SOAP Web ServiceCreating the ProductDetails REST Web ServiceConsuming the ProductDetails REST Web ServiceChapter 29 Quick Reference
A. Interoperating with Dynamic Languages
What Is the Dynamic Language Runtime?The dynamic KeywordExample: IronPythonExample: IronRubySummary
Index
About the Author
Copyright

Content preview from Microsoft® Visual C#® 2010 Step by Step

Chapter 8. Understanding Values and References

After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

Explain the differences between a value type and a reference type.
Modify the way in which arguments are passed as method parameters by using the ref and out keywords.
Box a value by initializing or assigning a variable of type object.
Unbox a value by casting the object reference that refers to the boxed value.

In Chapter 7 you learned how to declare your own classes and how to create objects by using the new keyword. You also saw how to initialize an object by using a constructor. In this chapter, you will learn about how the characteristics of the primitive types—such as int, double, and char—differ from the characteristics of class types.

Copying Value ...

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Microsoft® Visual C#® 2010 Step by Step

by John Sharp

Chapter 8. Understanding Values and References

Copying Value ...

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