book

Open Sources

by Chris DiBona, Sam Ockman

January 1999

Intermediate to advanced

280 pages

8h 52m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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1.1. Prologue1.2. What Is Free Software and How Does It Relate to Open Source?1.3. What Is Open Source Software?1.4. The Dark Side of the Force1.5. Use the Source, Luke1.6. Innovation Through the Scientific Method1.7. Perils to Open Source1.8. Motivating the Open Source Hacker1.9. The Venture and Investment Future of Linux1.10. Science and the New Renaissance
2.1. Prologue: The Real Programmers2.2. The Early Hackers2.3. The Rise of Unix2.4. The End of Elder Days2.5. The Proprietary Unix Era2.6. The Early Free Unixes2.7. The Great Web Explosion
3.1. Early History 3.2. Early Distributions 3.3. VAX Unix 3.4. DARPA Support3.5. 4.2BSD3.6. 4.3BSD3.7. Networking, Release 13.8. 4.3BSD-Reno3.9. Networking, Release 23.10. The Lawsuit 3.11. 4.4BSD3.12. 4.4BSD-Lite, Release 2
4.1. The History of the IETF4.2. IETF Structure and Features4.3. IETF Working Groups4.4. IETF Documents4.5. The IETF Process4.6. Open Standards, Open Documents, and Open Source
5.1. The First Software-Sharing Community5.2. The Collapse of the Community 5.3. A Stark Moral Choice 5.4. Free as in Freedom 5.5. GNU Software and the GNU System5.6. Commencing the Project 5.7. The First Steps 5.8. GNU Emacs 5.9. Is a Program Free for Every User? 5.10. Copyleft and the GNU GPL 5.11. The Free Software Foundation 5.12. Free Software Support 5.13. Technical Goals 5.14. Donated Computers 5.15. The GNU Task List 5.16. The GNU Library GPL 5.17. Scratching an Itch? 5.18. Unexpected Developments 5.19. The GNU HURD 5.20. Alix 5.21. Linux and GNU/Linux 5.22. Challenges in Our Future 5.22.1. Secret Hardware 5.22.2. Non-Free Libraries 5.22.3. Software Patents 5.22.4. Free Documentation 5.22.5. We Must Talk About Freedom 5.23. “Open Source” 5.24. Try!
6.1. Cygnus in the Early Years 6.2. GNUPro 6.3. Challenges 6.4. Getting Funded Beyond Open Source—eCos 6.5. Reflections and Vision of the Future
7.1. The Software Engineering Process7.1.1. Marketing Requirements7.1.2. System-Level Design7.1.3. Detailed Design7.1.4. Implementation7.1.5. Integration7.1.6. Field Testing7.1.7. Support7.2. Testing Details7.2.1. Code Coverage Analysis7.2.2. Regression Tests7.3. Open Source Software Engineering7.3.1. Marketing Requirements7.3.2. System-Level Design7.3.3. Detailed Design7.3.4. Implementation7.3.5. Integration7.3.6. Field Testing7.3.7. Support7.4. Conclusions
8.1. Amiga and the Motorola Port8.2. Microkernels8.3. From Alpha to Portability8.4. Kernel Space and User Space8.5. GCC8.6. Kernel Modules8.7. Portability Today8.8. The Future of Linux
9.1. Where Did Red Hat Come From?9.2. How Do You Make Money in Free Software?9.3. We Are in the Commodity Product Business9.4. The Strategic Appeal of This Model to the Corporate Computing Industry9.5. Licensing, Open Source, or Free Software9.6. The Economic Engine Behind Development of Open Source Software9.7. Unique Benefits9.8. The Great Unix Flaw9.9. It’s Your Choice

11.1. It’s All About Platforms 11.2. Analyzing Your Goals for an Open-Source Project 11.3. Evaluating the Market Need for Your Project11.4. Open Source’s Position in the Spectrum of Software11.5. Nature Abhors a Vacuum11.6. Donate, or Go It Alone? 11.7. Bootstrapping 11.8. What License to Use? 11.8.1. The BSD-Style Copyright 11.8.2. The Mozilla Public License11.8.3. The GNU Public License 11.9. Tools for Launching Open Source Projects
12.1. History12.2. KDE, Qt, and Troll Tech12.3. Analysis of the Open Source Definition12.3.1. The Open Source Definition (Version 1.0)12.4. Analysis of Licenses and Their Open Source Compliance12.4.1. Public Domain12.4.2. Free Software Licenses in General12.4.3. The GNU General Public License12.4.4. The GNU Library General Public License12.4.5. The X, BSD, and Apache Licenses12.4.6. The Artistic License12.4.7. The Netscape Public License and the Mozilla Public License12.5. Choosing a License12.6. The Future
14.1. Making It Happen14.2. Creating the License14.3. Mozilla.org14.4. Behind the Curtain14.5. April Fool’s Day, 1998
15.1. Beyond Brooks’s Law 15.2. Memes and Mythmaking15.3. The Road to Mountain View 15.4. The Origins of “Open Source” 15.5. The Accidental Revolutionary15.6. Phases of the Campaign 15.7. The Facts on the Ground 15.8. Into the Future
B.1. GNU General Public LicenseB.1.1. Table of ContentsB.1.2. GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSEB.1.2.1. PreambleB.1.2.2. TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATIONB.1.2.3. How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

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Appendix C. Contributors

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BRIAN BEHLENDORF is not the normal person’s idea of a hacker. He is a co-founder and a core member of the Apache Group. Apache is the open-source web server that runs a 53% of the web servers on the publicly accessible Internet. This means that this free program enjoys greater market share than offerings from Microsoft, Netscape, and all other vendors combined.

Brian has worked on Apache for four years, helping to guide the growth of the project along with other members of the Apache team. What began as an interesting experiment is now a finely crafted, full-featured web server.

He is not alone in this book in his dedication to music, but he is probably the only one who has organized raves or DJ’d for parties. His web site, http://hypereal.org, is a marvelous music, rave, and club resource site. He likes to read, lately reading outside of the computing field and enjoying the Capra’s Tao of Physics and Chomsky’s Secrets, Lies and Democracy.

In late 1998, IBM announced support for Apache on its high-end AS/400 line, a true watershed event for the Apache Project. Brian commented on IBM’s move by saying he was “Happy that I wasn’t the only one who thought there might be a business case for this. Not just fun to work on, but a model for business. People are coming around do see ...