book

PHP 5 Unleashed

Name: PHP 5 Unleashed
Author: John Coggeshall
ISBN: 067232511X

by John Coggeshall

December 2004

Intermediate to advanced

840 pages

18h 11m

English

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Copyright
Dedication
Lead Author
Contributing Authors
Acknowledgments
We Want to Hear from You!
Reader Services
Introduction
Organization of the Book
I. Working with PHP for General Web Development
1. Basic PHP Development
How PHP Scripts WorkBasic PHP SyntaxBasic PHP Data TypesVariable ManipulationControl StructuresLogical Control StructuresRepetition Control StructuresEmbedding Control StructuresUser-Defined FunctionsDynamic Variables and FunctionsDynamic VariablesDynamic FunctionsMultiple File PHP ScriptsReferencesVariable ReferencesReferences Used in FunctionsStrings in PHPSpeed and Efficiency of String ExpressionsComparing StringsAdvanced String ComparisonComparing PhrasesSearch and ReplacementReplacing StringsFormatting StringsAlternatives to printf()Strings and LocalesFormatting Currency ValuesFormatting Date and Time ValuesSummary
2. Arrays
Basic ArraysArray SyntaxMultidimensional ArraysWorking with ArraysArray TraversalArray CallbacksImplementing ArraysUsing an Array as a ListUsing Arrays as a Sortable TableUsing Arrays as a Lookup TableConverting from Strings to Arrays and BackMore Array Materials
3. Regular Expressions
The Basics of Regular ExpressionsLimitations of the Basic SyntaxPOSIX Regular ExpressionsPerl-Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE)Named PatternsPCRE ModifiersA Few Final Words
4. Working with Forms in PHP
HTML Forms 101How Forms Are CreatedHTML WidgetsText and Password Field WidgetsOption Button and Check Box WidgetsFile Upload WidgetLists and Drop-Down ListsMultiple-Line Text FieldsHidden Form ValuesSubmission Widgets and Button WidgetsWorking with Form Submissions in PHPRetrieving Form ValuesData-Access “Gotchas”Using Arrays as Widget NamesHandling File UploadsSummary

5. Advanced Form Techniques
Data Manipulation and ConversionDealing with Magic QuotesData Conversion and EncodingEncoding and Decoding Data for URLsEncoding and Decoding Binary DataConverting to HTML EntitiesSerializationForm Data IntegritySecuring Hidden ElementsThe protect() FunctionThe validate() FunctionPutting protect() and validate() into ActionForm ProcessingBasic Form Processing and ValidationGeneral-Purpose Form ValidationSeparation of Presentation from ValidationSummary
6. Persistent Data Using Sessions and Cookies
HTTP CookiesCookie Features and RestrictionsHow Cookies Are ImplementedImplementing Cookies in Your ScriptsPHP SessionsBasic Session UseStarting a SessionRegistering Session VariablesUnregistering Session VariablesDestroying SessionsWorking with Session VariablesSession PropagationAdvanced SessionsCustom Session HandlingCustomizing Session SupportSummary
7. Using Templates
The What and Why of TemplatesSeparating Common Elements from CodeA (Quick) Template System ExampleThe Smarty Template EngineInstalling SmartyBasic Smarty: Variables and ModifiersConfiguration Files and FunctionsSummary
II. Advanced Web Development
8. PEAR
What Is PEAR?A Code LibraryA Coding StandardA System for Distribution and MaintenanceThe PHP Foundation ClassesThe PEAR Package ManagerA Diverse CommunityGetting and Installing PEAROn *NIX SystemsOn Windows SystemsThrough a Web BrowserUsing the PEAR Package ManagerListing PackagesFinding PackagesInstalling and Upgrading PackagesUninstalling PackagesAlternative Installation MethodsUsing the PEAR WebsiteBrowsing the Package ListSearching for a PackageDownloading and Installing a PackageUsing PEAR Packages in ApplicationsSetting Up php.iniIncluding the PackageUsing Packages Not Installed Through pearSummaryReferenceMailing Lists/NewsgroupsWWWOther
9. XSLT and Other XML Concerns
Relating XML to HTMLUsing XSLT to Describe HTML Output Using XML InputXSL StylesheetsXSLT File Format BasicsCommonly Used XSLT InstructionsUsing XSLT Instruction Elements with XSLT PatternsSample XML to HTML Transformation Using XSLTPHP4 and XSLT Using the DOM XML ModuleSample Transformation Using PHP4 and DOM XMLDOM XML Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT UsersIncluding XSLT Support in PHP4 via DOM XMLPHP4 and XSLT Using the XSLT ModuleSample Transformation Using PHP4 and XSLTXSLT Functions and Properties of NoteIncluding XSLT Support in PHP4 via XSLTPHP5 and XSLTSample Transformation Using PHP5PHP5 Functions and Properties of Note for XSLT UsersIncluding XSL Support in PHP5Accessing XML Data Using SimpleXMLUsing SimpleXML in PHP ScriptsAdditional Notes About SimpleXML in PHP ScriptsGenerating XML Documents Using PHPFunctions and Properties for Storing XML Objects as FilesSummaryReferences
10. Debugging and Optimizations
Debugging Your PHP ScriptsSyntax-Related BugsLogical BugsPreventing BugsSimple Script TracingUsing Assertions in PHPOptimizing Your PHP ScriptsThe Secret to Finding Optimizations—ProfilingCommon PHP Bottlenecks and SolutionsRegular ExpressionsInvariant Loop OptimizationOutput OptimizationsCaching and PHPCaching Entire DocumentsCaching Function CallsSummary
11. User Authentication
Authenticating Users in PHPWhy?Using HTTP Authentication with ApacheUsing HTTP AuthenticationUsing Static Usernames and PasswordsUsing Names and Passwords from a DatabaseUsing PHP SessionsUsing Static Usernames and PasswordsUsing Usernames and Passwords from a DatabaseSecuring PHP CodeRegister_GlobalsMaximum ErrorTrust No One—Especially Not User DataPrinting User DataWorking with FilesWorking with DatabasesSummary
12. Data Encryption
Shared Secret Versus Public KeyShared Secret AlgorithmsPhrase SubstitutionCharacter SubstitutionTaking It FurtherStronger Encryption AlgorithmsPublic Key CryptographyThe RSA AlgorithmSigning Versus SafeguardingMan in the MiddleUsing Public Keys in PHPSSL StreamsGenerating a Public Key Certificate and Private KeyEncrypting/Decrypting DataEncrypting and Sending Secure Emails Using S/MIMESummary
13. Object-Oriented Programming in PHP
Why Objects?Creating Basic ClassesPrivate, Protected, and PublicType HintingCloningConstructors and DestructorsClass ConstantsStatic MethodsClass InheritanceAdvanced ClassesAbstract Classes and MethodsInterfacesFinal Classes and MethodsSpecial MethodsGetters and SettersThe __call() MethodThe __toString() MethodClass AutoloadingObject SerializationExceptionsUnderstanding the Call StackThe Exception ClassThrowing and Catching ExceptionsIteratorsSummary
14. Error Handling
The PHP Error-Handling ModelError TypesWhat to Do About ErrorsThe Default Error HandlerError SuppressionCustom Error HandlersCausing ErrorsPutting It All TogetherSummary
15. Working with HTML/XHTML Using Tidy
IntroductionBasic Tidy UsageParsing Input and Retrieving OutputCleaning and Repairing DocumentsIdentifying Problems Within DocumentsTidy Configuration OptionsTidy Options at RuntimeReading Configuration ValuesTidy Configuration FilesUsing the Tidy ParserHow Documents Are Stored in TidyThe Tidy NodeApplications of TidyTidy as an Output BufferConverting Documents to CSSReducing Bandwidth UsageBeautifying DocumentsExtracting URLs from a DocumentSummary
16. Writing Email in PHP
The MIME ProtocolImplementing MIME Email in PHPThe MIMEContainer and MIMESubcontainer ClassesThe MIMEAttachment, MIMEContent, and MIMEMessage ClassesSummary
III. Building Applications in PHP
17. Using PHP for Console Scripting
Core CLI DifferencesWorking with PHP CLICommand-Line Arguments and Return CodesCLI Tools and ExtensionsThe Readline ExtensionCreating User InterfacesSummary
18. SOAP and PHP
What Are Web Services?Transport with SOAPDescription with WSDLDirectory Lookup with UDDIInstallationCreating Web ServicesConsuming Web ServicesLooking for Web ServicesSummary
19. Building WAP-Enabled Websites
What Is WAP?System RequirementsNokia Mobile Internet ToolkitEricsson WapIDEOpenwave SDKMotorola Wireless IDE/SDKIntroduction to WMLWML StructureTextLinksGraphicsWML FormsText and Password FieldsSelection Lists, Option Buttons, and Check BoxesGrouping Form ElementsProcessing Form DataSending Form Data Server SideServing WAP ContentMIME TypesWeb Server ConfigurationSetting MIME Type from PHPClient DetectionDisplaying GraphicsSample ApplicationsServer-Side Form Data ProcessingWAP Cinema Reservation SystemSummary
IV. I/O, System Calls, and PHP
20. Working with the File System
Working with Files in PHPReading and Writing Text FilesReading and Writing Binary FilesWorking with Directories in PHPFile PermissionsHow Unix Permissions WorkWorking with Permissions from PHPFile Access Support FunctionsLogic FunctionsFile ManipulationSpecialized File AccessSummary
21. Network I/O
DNS/Reverse DNS LookupsRetrieving the DNS Record by IPRetrieving IP Addresses Based on HostnameDetermining DNS Record InformationSocket ProgrammingSocket BasicsCreating a New SocketDealing with Socket ErrorsCreating Client SocketsCreating Server SocketsWorking with Multiple Sockets at OnceNetwork Helper FunctionsSummary
22. Accessing the Underlying OS from PHP
IntroductionUnix-Specific OS FunctionalityDirect Input and Output (I/O)Opening and Closing a Direct I/O ConnectionReading Data from the ConnectionWriting Data to the ConnectionAdjusting the Direct I/O File PointerRetrieving Information About the ConnectionConfiguring Your Direct I/O ConnectionPHP POSIX FunctionsPOSIX and Security in PHPKnowing When Something Has Gone WrongUser and Group POSIX Retrieval FunctionsChanging the Group or UserPOSIX Process FunctionsUnix Process ControlForking Processes in PHPCatching Signals Sent to ProcessesSetting an Alarm SignalJumping Processes in PHPPlatform-Independent System FunctionsExecuting Applications from PHPBasic External Application ExecutionSingle-Direction External Command PipesDealing with the System EnvironmentA Brief Note About SecuritySummary
V. Working with Data in PHP
23. Introduction to Databases
Using the MySQL ClientBasic MySQL UsageRDBMS FundamentalsPerforming Queries Using SQLSummary
24. Using MySQL with PHP
Performing Queries from PHPMySQLi BasicsConnecting to the DatabaseSelecting a DatabasePerforming a Basic QueryFetching Resultset RowsCounting Rows and ColumnsFreeing ResultsRetrieving Error MessagesClosing the Database ConnectionsExecuting Multiple QueriesCreating a Visitor-Tracking SystemPrepared StatementsBound Parameter StatementsBinding Result ValuesTransactionsA MySQLi Session HandlerWhat Is a Custom Session Handler?Defining Your Own Session HandlerThe MySQLi Session HandlerSummary
25. Using SQLite with PHP
What Makes SQLite Unique?General Differences Between SQLite and MySQLSQLite Is TypelessHow SQLite Deals with Textual and Numeric TypesComparing Two Textual ColumnsComparing Two Numeric ColumnsComparing Two Columns of Conflicting TypesHow SQLite Treats NULL ValuesAccessing a Database from Multiple ProcessesBasic SQLite FunctionalityOpening and Closing DatabasesPerforming QueriesRetrieving ResultsReturning Rows as Arrays SequentiallyReturning Entire Resultsets as an ArrayReturning a Single ValueCounting Resultsets and Affected RowsRetrieving Field Names and Column ValuesRetrieving the Last Insert IDHandling ErrorsNavigating ResultsetsWorking with PHP UDFs in SQLiteCalling PHP Functions in SQL QueriesOdds and EndsSummary
26. PHP's dba Functions
Preparations and SettingsCreating a File-Based DatabaseWriting DataReading DataSample ApplicationConclusion
VI. Graphical Output with PHP
27. Working with Images
Basic Image Creation Using GDRetrieving Image informationUsing the PHP/GD Drawing FunctionsDrawing Line-Based Geometric ShapesDrawing Curved SurfacesFilled Shapes and Image FunctionsWorking with Colors and BrushesWorking with the Image PaletteMatching Colors in an Existing PaletteRemoving and/or Modifying Palette ColorsCreating Transparency in ImagesColor Transparency Using Alpha BlendingDrawing Using BrushesUsing Custom Brushes for FillingUsing Fonts and Printing StringsUsing GD's Internal FontsUsing TrueType FontsUsing Postscript Type 1General Image ManipulationCopying One Image to AnotherDuplicating PalettesOther Graphics FunctionsEXIF FunctionsSummary
28. Printable Document Generation
A Note Regarding the Examples in This ChapterGenerating Dynamic RTF DocumentsGenerating Dynamic PDF DocumentsThe PDFLib Coordinate SystemUsing PDFLib Configuration ParametersGenerating PDF Documents from ScratchA Skeleton PDF DocumentRendering Text in a PDF DocumentRendering Shapes in PDF DocumentsAdding Colors to PDF DocumentsAdding Images to PDF DocumentsManipulating the PDF Document Coordinate SystemDefining and Using PatternsDefining and Using TemplatesSetting PDF Publisher InformationRelated Resources
VII. Appendixes
A. Installing PHP5 and MySQL
Installing PHP5LinuxWindowsApacheMicrosoft Web ServersMac OS XInstalling MySQL and PHP ModulesLinuxMySQLPDF SupportXMLDBA extensionGD extensionData encryptionWindowsMySQLPDF SupportSupport for data encryptionInstalling PEAR
B. HTTP Reference
What Is HTTP?PHP Programming Libraries for HTTP WorkUnderstanding an HTTP TransactionHTTP Client MethodsWhat Comes Back: Server Response CodesHTTP HeadersEncodingIdentifying Clients and ServersThe “Referer”Fetching Content from an HTTP SourceMedia TypesCookies: Preserving State and a Tasty TreatSecurity and AuthorizationClient-Side Caching of HTTP Content
C. Migrating Applications from PHP4 to PHP5
ConfigurationObject-Oriented Programming (OOP)New Behavior of FunctionsFurther Reading
D. Good Programming Techniques and Performance Issues
Common Style MistakesConfiguration DirectivesPHP Is Forgiving, to a FaultReinventing the WheelVariables—Use Them, Don't Abuse ThemTip 1: To Be or Not To Be Variables Is the QuestionTip 2: Nothing Should Be CrypticCommon Security ConcernsUnintended ConsequencesSystem CallsPreventing System Call AttacksSecuring File UploadsStyle and Security—LoggingLogging Custom Error MessagesSummary
E. Resources and Mailing Lists
Relevant WebsitesMailing Lists and Newsgroups

Content preview from PHP 5 Unleashed

Chapter 14. Error Handling

IN THIS CHAPTER

Even the most well-written script will occasionally encounter less than ideal circumstances. A database or ldap server may have crashed, a local file lock may have become stuck, or maybe that newly hired administrator got overzealous tightening down security and now your script can't access the data that it needs. Whatever the reason, errors do occur, and although PHP can recognize them, it's up to your script to decide what actions need to be taken so that your site functions as smoothly as possible and your users are encouraged to come back when the problem ...

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PHP 5 Unleashed

by John Coggeshall

Chapter 14. Error Handling

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