book

PHP 8 Programming Tips, Tricks and Best Practices

Name: PHP 8 Programming Tips, Tricks and Best Practices
Author: Doug Bierer
ISBN: 9781801071871

by Doug Bierer

August 2021

Intermediate to advanced

528 pages

10h 8m

English

Packt Publishing

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PHP 8 Programming Tips, Tricks and Best Practices
ForewordContributorsAbout the authorAbout the reviewer
Preface
Who this book is forWhat this book coversTo get the most out of this bookDownload the example code filesDownload the color imagesConventions usedGet in touchShare Your Thoughts
Section 1: PHP 8 Tips
Chapter 1: Introducing New PHP 8 OOP Features
Technical requirementsUsing constructor property promotionProperty promotion syntaxUsing property promotion for code reductionWorking with attributesOverview of PHP commentsPHP DocBlock considerationsHidden dangers associated with the misuse of DocBlocksThe Attribute classAttribute syntaxIncorporating match expressions into your program codeMatch expression general syntaxUnderstanding named argumentsNamed argument generic syntaxCalling core functions using named argumentsOrder independence and documentationExploring new data typesUnion typesmixed typeThe effect of a mixed type on inheritanceImproving code using typed propertiesWhat are typed properties?Property typing can lead to a reduction in codeSummary
Chapter 2: Learning about PHP 8's Functional Additions
Technical requirementsWorking with new PHP 8 operatorsUsing the variadics operatorUsing the nullsafe operatorThe concatenation operator has been demotedUsing nested ternary operatorsUsing arrow functionsGeneric syntaxArrow functions versus anonymous functionsVariable inheritancePractical example: Using arrow functionsUnderstanding uniform variable syntaxDefining uniform variable syntaxHow does uniform variable syntax affect PHP 8?Learning new array- and string-handling techniquesWorking with array_splice()Using array_slice()Detecting string beginning, middle, and endSecuring SQLite databases with the authorizerWait a minute... no security?What's a SQLite authorization callback?What gets sent to the callback?Authorizer usage exampleSummary
Chapter 3: Taking Advantage of Error-Handling Enhancements
Technical requirementsUnderstanding PHP 8 error handlingUndefined variable handlingUndefined constant handlingError-level defaultsDealing with warnings that are now errorsPromoted warnings in object error handlingPromoted warnings in array handlingPromoted warnings in string handlingUnderstanding notices promoted to warningsNon-existent object property access handlingNon-existent offset handlingMisusing resource IDs as array offsetsAmbiguous string offset castUninitialized or non-existent string offsetsHandling the @ error control operator@ operator usage@ operator and error_reporting()Summary
Chapter 4: Making Direct C-Language Calls
Technical requirementsUnderstanding FFIRelationship between PHP and the C languageUnderstanding PHP extensionsLearning where to use FFIAdopting FFI into PHPDo not use FFI for speedWhy use the FFI extension?Examining the FFI classWorking with FFI creational methodsComparing data using FFIUsing FFI infrastructural methodsUsing FFI in an applicationIntegrating an external C library into a PHP scriptWorking with PHP callbacksSummary
Section 2: PHP 8 Tricks
Chapter 5: Discovering Potential OOP Backward-Compatibility Breaks
Technical requirementsDiscovering core OOP coding differencesHandling static calls in PHP 8Dealing with object property handling changesWorking with PHP 8 autoloadingNavigating changes in magic methodsDealing with constructor changesWorking with changes to __toString()Taking control of serializationUnderstanding PHP serializationUnderstanding the __sleep() magic methodUnderstanding a potential code break in the __sleep() methodLearning about __wakeup()Introducing the Serializable interfaceExamining PHP serializable interface issuesNew magic methods to control PHP serializationUnderstanding PHP 8 expanded variance supportUnderstanding covariant returnsUsing contravariant parametersHandling Standard PHP Library (SPL) changesUnderstanding changes to SplFileObjectExamining changes to SplHeapHandling changes in SplDoublyLinkedListSummary
Chapter 6: Understanding PHP 8 Functional Differences
Technical requirementsLearning key advanced string handling differencesHandling changes to the needle argumentDealing with v*printf() changesWorking with null length arguments in PHP 8Examining changes to implode()Learning about constants usage in PHP 8Understanding PHP 8 string-to-numeric comparison improvementsLearning about strict and non-strict comparisonsExamining numeric stringsDetecting backward-compatible breaks involving numeric stringsDealing with inconsistent string-to-numeric comparison resultsUnderstanding comparison changes made in PHP 8Avoiding problems during a PHP 8 upgradeHandling differences in arithmetic, bitwise, and concatenation operationsHandling non-scalar data types in arithmetic and bitwise operationsExamining changes in the order of precedenceTaking advantage of locale independenceUnderstanding the problems associated with locale dependenceReviewing functions and operations affected by locale independenceHandling arrays in PHP 8Dealing with negative offsetsHandling curly brace usage changesMastering changes in security functions and settingsUnderstanding changes in disabled functions handlingLearning about changes to the crypt() functionDealing with changes to password_hash()Learning about changes to assert()Summary

Chapter 7: Avoiding Traps When Using PHP 8 Extensions
Technical requirementsUnderstanding the shift from resources to objectsPHP 8 extension resource-to-object migrationPotential code break involving is_resource()Advantages of objects over resourcesTraversable to IteratorAggregate migrationLearning about changes to XML extensionsExamining XMLWriter extension differencesWorking with changes to the SimpleXML extensionUnderstanding other XML extension changesAvoiding problems with the updated mbstring extensionDiscovering needle-argument differences in mb_str*() functionsExamining changes to mb_ereg*() functionsDealing with changes to the GD extensionGD extension resource-to-object migrationGD extension compile flag changesOther GD extension changesDiscovering changes to the Reflection extensionReflection extension usageLearning about Reflection extension improvementsWorking with other extension gotchasNew database extension operating system library requirementsReviewing changes to the ZIP extensionExamining PCRE extension changesWorking with Intl extension changesUnderstanding cURL extension changesReviewing COM extension changesExamining other extension changesSummary
Chapter 8: Learning about PHP 8's Deprecated or Removed Functionality
Technical requirementsDiscovering what has been removed from the coreExamining functions removed in PHP 8Discovering other PHP 8 usage changesExamining core deprecationsDeprecated usage in parameter orderWorking with removed functionality in PHP 8 extensionsDiscovering mbstring extension changesReworking code that uses Reflection*::export()Discovering other deprecated PHP 8 extension functionalityChanges to the XML-RPC extensionChanges made to the DOM extensionDealing with deprecated or removed security-related functionalityExamining PHP 8 stream-filter changesDealing with custom error-handling changesDealing with changes to backtracesPDO error-handling mode default changedExamining the track_errors php.ini settingSummary
Section 3: PHP 8 Best Practices
Chapter 9: Mastering PHP 8 Best Practices
Technical requirementsDiscovering method signature changesManaging magic method signaturesExamining Reflection method signature changesDealing with PDO extension signature changesDealing with newly defined static methodsWorking with the static return typeExtending the use of the ::class constantTaking advantage of trailing commasLearning about methods that are no longer requiredWorking with interfaces and traitsDiscovering new DOM extension interfacesUsing new DateTime methodsUnderstanding PHP 8 trait handling refinementsDealing with private methodsControlling anonymous class usageUnderstanding changes in namespacesDiscovering differences in tokenizationUsing reserved keywords in a namespaceExposing bad namespace naming practicesSummary
Chapter 10: Improving Performance
Technical requirementsWorking with the JIT compilerDiscovering how PHP works without JITEnabling the JIT compilerConfiguring the tracing modeUsing the JIT compilerDebugging with the JIT compilerDiscovering additional JIT compiler settingsSpeeding up array handlingWorking with SplFixedArray in PHP 8Implementing stable sortUnderstanding stable sortsContrasting stable and non-stable sortingExamining the effect of stable sorting on keysHandling illegal sort functionsUsing weak references to improve efficiencyTaking advantage of weak referencesReviewing the WeakReference class definitionUsing weak referencesWorking with WeakMapImplementing a container class using SplObjectStorageUnderstanding the benefits of WeakMap over SplObjectStorageSummary
Chapter 11: Migrating Existing PHP Apps to PHP 8
Technical requirementsUnderstanding development, staging, and production environmentsDefining an environmentLearning how to spot BC breaks before a migrationGaining an overview of BC breaksCreating a BC break scan configuration fileDeveloping a BC break scan classPerforming the migrationStep 1 – Review the migration guideStep 2 – Make sure the current code worksStep 3 – Back up everythingStep 4 – Create a version control branchStep 5 – Scan for BC breaksStep 6 – Fix incompatibilitiesStep 7 – Repeat steps 5 and 6 as neededStep 8 – Commit changes to the repositoryStep 9 – Test in a simulated virtual environmentStep 10 – Return to step 5 if the test is unsuccessfulStep 11 – Install PHP 8 on the staging environmentStep 12 – Test and clone the staging environment to productionTesting and troubleshooting the migrationTesting and troubleshooting toolsHandling issues with ComposerWorking with unit testsSummary
Chapter 12: Creating PHP 8 Applications Using Asynchronous Programming
Technical requirementsUnderstanding the PHP async programming modelDeveloping synchronous programming codeUnderstanding the asynchronous programming modelWorking with async coroutine supportCreating a PHP async applicationUsing the Swoole extensionExamining the Swoole extensionInstalling the Swoole extensionTesting the installationExamining a sample I/O-intensive applicationUsing the Swoole extension to improve application performanceUsing selected PHP frameworks in async modeWorking with ReactPHPImplementing PHP async using AmpUsing Mezzio with SwooleWorking with the parallel extensionLearning about PHP 8.1 fibersDiscovering the Fiber classUsing fibersExamining the effect of fibers on ReactPHP and SwooleSummary
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Content preview from PHP 8 Programming Tips, Tricks and Best Practices

Chapter 11: Migrating Existing PHP Apps to PHP 8

Throughout the book, you have been warned of potential code breaks. Unfortunately, there are not really any good tools available that can scan your existing code and check for potential code breaks. In this chapter, we take you through the development of a set of classes that form the basis of a PHP 8 backward-compatible (BC) break scanner. In addition, you learn the recommended process to migrate an existing customer PHP application to PHP 8.

After reading through this chapter and carefully studying the examples, you are much better equipped to handle a PHP 8 migration. With knowledge of the overall migration procedure, you gain confidence and are able to perform PHP 8 migrations with a minimal ...

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PHP 8 Programming Tips, Tricks and Best Practices

by Doug Bierer

Chapter 11: Migrating Existing PHP Apps to PHP 8

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