There are four forces in nature: gravity, two types of nuclear forces, the strong and weak nuclear forces, and electricity and magnetism. Electricity and magnetism may seem like two distinct forces; however, they are intimately related. The electric force is what holds electrons in their orbits around the nucleus. In this chapter, we will look at where the electrical force comes from and some applications of it in technology.
12.1 CHARGE
Consider an atom. At its center there are particles called neutrons and protons, and surrounding it are particles called electrons (Figure 12.1).
FIGURE 12.1 The atom consists of ...
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