book

Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning

Name: Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Author: Srinivasa Rao Aravilli
ISBN: 9781800564671

by Srinivasa Rao Aravilli

May 2024

Intermediate to advanced

402 pages

10h 35m

English

Packt Publishing

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Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
ForewordContributorsAbout the authorAbout the reviewers
Preface
Who this book is forWhat this book coversTo get the most out of this bookDownload the hands-on labs and example code filesConventions usedGet in touchShare Your ThoughtsDownload a free PDF copy of this book
Part 1: Introduction to Data Privacy and Machine Learning
Chapter 1: Introduction to Data Privacy, Privacy Breaches, and Threat Modeling
What do privacy and data privacy mean?Privacy regulationsPrivacy by Design and a case studyExample – Privacy by Design in a social media platformPrivacy breachesEquifax privacy breachClearview AI Privacy breachPrivacy threat modelingPrivacy threat modeling – definitionThe importance of privacy threat modelingPrivacy threat modeling’s alignment to Privacy by Design principlesSteps in privacy threat modelingPrivacy threat modeling frameworksThe LINDDUN frameworkStep 1 – modeling the systemStep 2 – eliciting and documenting threatsStep 3 – mitigating threatsThe need for privacy-preserving MLCase study – privacy-preserving ML in financial institutionsSummary
Chapter 2: Machine Learning Phases and Privacy Threats/Attacks in Each Phase
ML typesSupervised MLUnsupervised MLReinforced MLOverview of ML phasesThe main phases of MLPrivacy threats/attacks in ML phasesCollaborative roles in ML projectsPrivacy threats/attacks in MLMembership inference attackModel extraction attackReconstruction attacks—model inversion attacksModel inversion attacks in neural networksSummary
Part 2: Use Cases of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning and a Deep Dive into Differential Privacy
Chapter 3: Overview of Privacy-Preserving Data Analysis and an Introduction to Differential Privacy
Privacy in data analysisThe need for privacy in data analysisPrivacy-preserving techniquesData anonymization and algorithms for data anonymizationData aggregationPrivacy-enhancing technologiesDifferential privacyFederated learningSecure multi-party computation (SMC)Homomorphic encryptionAnonymizationDe-identificationDifferential privacySummary
Chapter 4: Overview of Differential Privacy Algorithms and Applications of Differential Privacy
Differential privacy algorithmsLaplace distributionGaussian distributionComparison of noise-adding algorithms to apply differential privacyGenerating aggregates using differential privacySensitivityQueries that use differential privacyClippingOverview of real-life applications of differential privacyDifferential privacy usage at UberDifferential privacy usage at AppleDifferential privacy usage in the US CensusDifferential privacy at GoogleSummary
Chapter 5: Developing Applications with Differential Privacy Using Open Source Frameworks
Open source frameworks to implement differential privacyIntroduction to the PyDP framework and its key featuresExamples and demonstrations of PyDP in actionDeveloping a sample banking application with PyDP to showcase differential privacy techniquesProtecting against membership inference attacksApplying differential privacy to large datasetsUse case – generating differentially private aggregates on a large datasetPipelineDP high-level architectureTumult AnalyticsMachine learning using differential privacySynthetic Dataset Generation: Introducing Fraudulent TransactionsDevelop a classification model using scikit-learnHigh-level implementation of the SGD algorithmApplying differential privacy options using machine learningGenerating gradients using differential privacyClustering using differential privacyDeep learning using differential privacyFraud detection model using PyTorchFraud detection model with differential privacy using the Opacus frameworkDifferential privacy machine learning frameworksLimitations of differential privacy and strategies to overcome themSummary
Part 3: Hands-On Federated Learning

Chapter 6: Federated Learning and Implementing FL Using Open Source Frameworks
Federated learningPreserving privacyFL definitionCharacteristics of FLFL algorithmsFedSGDFedAvgFed Adaptative OptimizationThe steps involved in implementing FLOpen source frameworks to implement FLTensorFlow FederatedFlowerAn end-to-end use case of implementing fraud detection using FLDeveloping an FL model for fraud detection using the Flower frameworkFL with differential privacyApproach oneApproach twoA sample application using FL-DPSummary
Chapter 7: Federated Learning Benchmarks, Start-Ups, and the Next Opportunity
FL benchmarksThe importance of FL benchmarksFL datasetsFrameworks for FL benchmarksSelecting an FL framework for a projectA comparison of FedScale, FATE, Flower, and TensorFlow FederatedState-of-the-art research in FLCommunication-efficient FLPrivacy-preserving FLFederated Meta-LearningAdaptive FLFederated reinforcement learningKey company products related to FLSummary
Part 4: Homomorphic Encryption, SMC, Confidential Computing, and LLMs
Chapter 8: Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Multiparty Computation
Encryption, anonymization, and de-identificationData anonymizationDe-identificationExploring Homomorphic encryptionRing-basedLattice-basedElliptic curve-basedExploring the mathematics behind HEEncryptionHomomorphismTypes of HEFully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE)Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE)Partially Homomorphic Encryption (PHE)Paillier schemePyfhelSEAL PythonTenSEALpheImplementing HEImplementing PHEImplementing HE using the TenSEAL libraryComparison of HE frameworksPyfhelTenSEALPALISADEPySEALTFHEMachine learning with HEEncrypted evaluation of ML models and inferenceLimitations of HESecure Multiparty ComputationBasic principles of SMCApplications of SMCTechniques used for SMCImplementing SMC – high-level stepsPython frameworks that can be used to implement SMCImplementing Private Set Interaction (PSI) SMC – case studyZero-knowledge proofsBasic conceptsTypes of ZKPsApplications of ZKPsSummary
Chapter 9: Confidential Computing – What, Why, and the Current State
Privacy/security attacks on data in memoryData at restData in motionData in memoryConfidential computationWhat is confidential computing?Benefits of confidential computingTrusted execution environments – attestation of source code and how it helps protect against insider threat attacksIndustry standards for ML in TEEsConfidential Computing ConsortiumHigh-level comparison of Intel SGX, AWS Nitro Enclaves, Google Asylo, Azure enclaves, and AnjunaPros and cons of TEEsSummary
Chapter 10: Preserving Privacy in Large Language Models
Key concepts/terms used in LLMsPrompt example using ChatGPT (closed source LLM)Prompt example using open source LLMsComparison of open source LLMs and closed source LLMsAI standards and terminology of attacksNISTOWASP Top 10 for LLM applicationsPrivacy attacks on LLMsMembership inference attacks against generative modelsExtracting training data attack from generative modelsPrompt injection attacksPrivacy-preserving technologies for LLMsText attacks on ML models and LLMsPrivate transformers – training LLMs using differential privacySTOA – Privacy-preserving technologies for LLMsSummary
Index
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Content preview from Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning

Preface

In today’s interconnected world, the vast amounts of data generated by individuals and organizations have become a valuable resource for developing powerful machine learning models. These models have the potential to revolutionize industries, improve services, and unlock unprecedented insights. However, this tremendous opportunity comes with a significant challenge: preserving the privacy and security of sensitive data.

As data breaches and privacy concerns continue to make headlines, individuals and organizations are increasingly aware of the potential risks associated with sharing and analyzing their data. There is a growing demand for innovative solutions that can harness the power of machine learning while simultaneously protecting ...

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Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning

by Srinivasa Rao Aravilli

Preface

Become an O’Reilly member and get unlimited access to this title plus top books and audiobooks from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top publishers, thousands of courses curated by job role, 150+ live events each month,
and much more.