Programming C#, Second Edition

Destroying Objects

Since C# provides garbage collection, you never need to explicitly destroy your objects. However, if your object controls unmanaged resources, you will need to explicitly free those resources when you are done with them. Implicit control over unmanaged resources is provided by a destructor, which will be called by the garbage collector when your object is destroyed.

The destructor should only release resources that your object holds on to, and should not reference other objects. Note that if you have only managed references you do not need to and should not implement a destructor; you want this only for handling unmanaged resources. Because there is some cost to having a destructor, you ought to implement this only on methods that require it (that is, methods that consume valuable unmanaged resources).

Never call an object’s destructor directly. The garbage collector will call it for you.

How Destructors Work

The garbage collector maintains a list of objects that have a destructor. This list is updated every time such an object is created or destroyed.

When an object on this list is first collected, it is placed on a queue with other objects waiting to be destroyed. After the destructor executes, the garbage collector then collects the object and updates the queue, as well as its list of destructible objects.

The C# Destructor

C#’s destructor looks, syntactically, much like a C++ destructor, but it behaves quite differently. Declare a C# destructor with a tilde ...