book

Programming in C

Name: Programming in C
Author: Ashok N Kamthane
ISBN: 9789367138595

by Ashok N Kamthane

January 2025

Intermediate to advanced

752 pages

17h

English

Pearson India

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Cover
About Pearson
Title Page
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Basics and Introduction to C
1.1 The Impact and Importance of Computers1.2 Basics of a Computer1.3 Latest Computers1.3.1 Typical Specifications of a Modern Laptop1.4 Introduction to C1.5 About ANSI C Standard1.6 Machine, Assembly and High-Level Language1.6.1 Assembly Language1.6.2 High-Level Language1.7 Assembler, Compiler and Interpreter1.8 Design and Implementation of Efficient Programs1.8.1 The Importance of Efficient Program Design and Implementation1.8.2 Requirement Analysis1.8.3 Design1.8.4 Implementation1.8.5 Testing1.8.6 Deployment1.8.7 Maintenance1.9 Introduction to Computational Thinking 1.9.1 Introduction1.9.2 What is Computational Thinking?1.9.3 Components of Computational Thinking1.10 Structure of a C Program1.11 Programming Rules1.12 Executing the C Program1.13 Standard Directories1.14 The First C Program1.15 Advantages of C1.16 Header Files1.17 Algorithm1.17.1 Program Design1.18 Classification of Algorithms1.19 Flowcharts1.20 PseudocodeSummaryExercises
Chapter 2: The C Declarations
2.1 Introduction2.2 The C Character Set2.3 Delimiters2.4 Types of Tokens2.5 The C Keywords2.6 Identifiers2.7 Constants2.7.1 Numerical Constants2.7.2 Character Constant2.8 Variables2.9 Rules for Defining Variables2.10 Data Types2.11 C Data Types2.12 Integer and Float Number Representations2.12.1 Integer Representation2.12.2 Floating-Point Representation2.13 Declaring Variables2.14 Initializing Variables2.15 Dynamic Initialization2.16 Type Modifiers2.17 Type Conversion2.18 Wrapping Around2.19 Constant and Volatile Variables2.19.1 Constant Variable2.19.2 Volatile VariableSummaryExercises
Chapter 3: Operators and Expressions
3.1 Introduction3.2 Operator Precedence3.3 Associativity3.4 Comma and Conditional Operator3.5 Arithmetic Operators3.6 Relational Operators3.7 Assignment Operators and Expressions3.8 Logical Operators3.9 Bitwise OperatorsSummaryExercises
Chapter 4: Input and Output in C
4.1 Introduction4.2 Formatted Functions4.2.1 The printf() Statement4.2.2 The scanf() Statement4.3 Unformatted Functions4.3.1 Character I/O4.3.2 String I/O4.4 Commonly Used Library Functions4.5 Strong Points for UnderstandabilitySummaryExercises

Chapter 5: Decision Statements
5.1 Introduction5.2 The if Statement5.3 The if–else Statement5.4 Nested if–else Statements5.5 The if-else-if Ladder Statement 5.6 The break Statement5.7 The continue Statement5.8 The goto Statement5.9 The switch Statement5.10 Nested switch case5.11 The switch case and nested ifsSummaryExercises
Chapter 6: Loop Control
6.1 Introduction6.1.1 What is a Loop?6.2 The for Loop6.3 Nested for Loops6.4 The while Loop6.5 The do-while Loop6.6 The while Loop within the do-while Loop6.7 Bohm and Jacopini’s TheorySummaryExercises
Chapter 7: Data Structure: Array
7.1 Introduction7.2 Array Declaration7.3 Array Initialization7.4 Array Terminology7.5 Characteristics of an Array7.6 One-dimensional Array7.7 One-dimensional Array and Operations7.8 Operations with Arrays7.8.1 Deletion7.8.2 Insertion7.8.3 Searching7.8.4 Merging7.8.5 Sorting7.9 Predefined Streams7.10 Two-dimensional Array and Operations7.10.1 Insert Operation with Two-dimensional Array7.10.2 Delete Operation with Two-dimensional Array7.11 Three- or Multi-dimensional Arrays7.12 The sscanf() and sprintf() Functions7.13 Drawbacks of Linear ArraysSummaryExercises
Chapter 8: Strings and Standard Functions
8.1 Introduction8.2 Declaration and Initialization of String8.3 Display of Strings with Different Formats8.4 String Standard Functions8.5 String Conversion Functions8.6 Memory Functions8.7 Applications of StringsSummaryExercises
Chapter 9: Pointers
9.1 Introduction9.2 Features of Pointers9.3 Pointers and Address9.4 Pointer Declaration9.5 The void Pointers9.6 Wild Pointers9.7 Constant Pointers9.8 Arithmetic Operations with Pointers9.9 Pointers and Arrays9.10 Pointers and Two-dimensional Arrays9.11 Pointers and Multi-dimensional Arrays9.12 Array of Pointers9.13 Pointers to Pointers9.14 Pointers and StringsSummaryExercises
Chapter 10: Functions
10.1 Introduction10.2 Basics of a Function10.2.1 Why Use Functions?10.2.2 How a Function Works?10.3 Function Definition10.4 The return Statement10.5 Types of Functions10.6 Call by Value and Reference10.7 Function Returning More Values10.8 Function as an Argument10.9 Function with Operators10.10 Function and Decision Statements10.11 Function and Loop Statements10.12 Functions with Arrays and Pointers10.13 Passing Array to a Function10.14 Nested Functions10.15 Recursion10.16 Types of Recursion10.17 Rules for Recursive Function10.18 Direct Recursion10.19 Indirect Recursion10.20 Recursion Versus Iterations10.21 The Towers of Hanoi10.22 Advantages and Disadvantages of Recursion10.22.1 Advantages10.22.2 Disadvantages10.23 Efficiency of Recursion10.24 Library FunctionsSummaryExercises
Chapter 11: Storage Classes
11.1 Introduction11.1.1 Lifetime of a Variable11.1.2 Visibility of a Variable11.2 Automatic Variables11.3 External Variables11.4 static Variables11.5 static external Variables 11.6 register VariablesSummaryExercises
Chapter 12: Preprocessor Directives
12.1 Introduction12.2 The #define Directive12.3 Undefining a Macro12.4 Token Pasting and Stringizing Operators12.5 The #include Directive12.6 Conditional Compilation12.7 The #ifndef Directive12.8 The #error Directive12.9 The #line Directive12.10 The #pragma inline Directive12.11 The #pragma saveregs12.12 The #pragma Directive12.13 The Predefined Macros in ANSI and Turbo-C12.14 Standard I/O Predefined Streams in stdio.h12.15 The Predefined Macros in ctype.h12.16 AssertionsSummaryExercises
Chapter 13: Structure and Union
13.1 Introduction13.2 Features of Structures13.3 Declaration and Initialization of Structures13.4 Structure within Structure13.5 Array of Structures13.6 Pointer to Structure13.7 Structure and Functions13.8 typedef13.9 Bit Fields13.10 Enumerated Data Type13.11 union13.12 Calling BIOS and DOS Services13.13 Union of StructuresSummaryExercises
Chapter 14: Files
14.1 Introduction of a File14.2 Definition of File14.3 Streams and File Types14.3.1 File Types14.4 Steps for File Operations14.4.1 Opening of File14.4.2 Reading a File14.4.3 Closing a File14.4.4 Text Modes14.4.5 Binary Modes14.5 File I/O14.6 Structures Read and Write14.7 Other File Function14.8 Searching Errors in Reading/Writing Files14.9 Low-Level Disk I/O14.10 Command Line Arguments14.11 Application of Command Line Arguments14.12 Environment Variables14.13 I/O RedirectionSummaryExercises
Chapter 15: Graphics
15.1 Introduction15.2 Initialization of Graphics15.3 Few Graphics Functions15.4 Programs Using Library Functions15.4.1 Program on Moving Moon15.5 Working with Text15.5.1 Stylish Lines15.6 Filling Patterns with Different Colours and Styles15.7 Mouse Programming15.8 Drawing Non-common FiguresSummaryExercises
Chapter 16: Dynamic Memory Allocation and Linked List
16.1 Dynamic Memory Allocation16.2 Memory Models16.3 Memory Allocation Functions16.4 List16.5 Traversal of a List16.6 Searching and Retrieving an Element16.7 Predecessor and Successor16.8 Insertion16.9 Linked Lists16.9.1 Singly Linked List16.10 Linked List with and without Header16.10.1 Linked List with HeaderSummaryExercises
Case Study 1: Loan EMI Calculator
Case Study 2: OLA Ride Booking App
Case Study 3: Strava Cycling Application
Case Study 4: Zomato Food Order Application
Coding Challenges for Interview Success
Appendix A: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Appendix B: Priority of Operators and their Clubbing
Appendix C: Header Files and Standard Library Functions
Appendix D: ROM-BIOS Services
Appendix E: Scan Codes of Keyboard Keys
Copyright

Content preview from Programming in C

CHAPTER 8 Strings and Standard Functions

Chapter Outline

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Declaration and Initialization of String

8.3 Display of Strings with Different Formats

8.4 String Standard Functions

8.5 String Conversion Functions

8.6 Memory Functions

8.7 Applications of Strings

8.1 Introduction

Characters are the basic requirement of any program. A program contains statements and statements are built with words that has specific meaning to be understood by the compiler. In C language, a sequence of characters, digits and symbols enclosed within double quotation marks is called a string. The string is always declared as character array and its elements are stored in contiguous memory locations.

In other words, in C, a string is defined as an array ...

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Programming in C

by Ashok N Kamthane

CHAPTER 8