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9
SQL
9.1 Introduction to SQL
SQL (structured query language) is a universal language for creating, updating, and
querying databases. As SQL is a small language, the SQL program is often called
SQL script. SQL can be used for all database management systems (DBMSs) (DB2,
Oracle, MySQL, etc.) as well as all computer language platforms (PHP, .NET, etc.).
SQL was developed under the name SEQUEL by IBM in the mid-1970s. at is why
people pronounce SQL as “sequel” more often than as “ess- que- ell.” SQL has been
standardized by ANSI (American National Standard Institute).
A particular database management system can have its query development environ-
ment, the so- called QBE (query by examples), to create queries without using SQL.
In the quer ...