August 2024
Intermediate to advanced
1014 pages
26h
Spanish
Content preview from Python fluido, 2ª edición
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Capítulo 5. Creadores de clases de datos
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Las clases de datos son como niños. Están bien como punto de partida, pero para participar como un objeto adulto, necesitan asumir alguna responsabilidad.
Martin Fowler y Kent Beck1
Python ofrece algunas formas de construir una clase sencilla que no sea más que una colección de campos, con poca o ninguna funcionalidad adicional. Ese patrón se conoce como "clase de datos", y dataclasses es uno de los paquetes que admiten este patrón. Este capítulo de trata de tres constructores de clases diferentes que puedes utilizar como atajos para escribir clases de datos:
collections.namedtuple-
La forma más sencilla, disponible desde Python 2.6.
typing.NamedTuple-
Una alternativa que requiere sugerencias de tipo en los campos: desde Python 3.5, con la sintaxis
classañadida en 3.6. @dataclasses.dataclass-
Un decorador de clases que permite más personalización que las alternativas anteriores, añadiendo muchas opciones y complejidad potencial-desde Python 3.7.
Después de cubrir esos constructores de clases, discutiremos por qué Clase de Datos es también el nombre de un olor a código de: un patrón de codificación que puede ser síntoma de un mal diseño orientado a objetos.
Nota
typing.TypedDict puede parecer otro constructor de clases de datos. Utiliza una sintaxis similar y se describe justo después de typing.NamedTupleen la documentación ...
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I'm always learning. So when I got on to O'Reilly, I was like a kid in a candy store. There are playlists. There are answers. There's on-demand training. It's worth its weight in gold, in terms of what it allows me to do.