functools
In addition to the list/dict/set comprehensions, Python also has a few (more advanced) functions that can be really convenient when coding functionally. The functools library is a collection of functions that return callable objects. Some of these functions are used as decorators (we'll cover more about that in Chapter 5, Decorators – Enabling Code Reuse by Decorating), but the ones that we are going to talk about are used as straight-up functions to make your life easier.
partial – no need to repeat all arguments every time
The partial function is really convenient for adding some default arguments to a function that you use often but can't (or don't want to) redefine. With object-oriented code, you can usually work around cases similar ...
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